Chapter 7: Neurological System Disorders

Question 1

Frontal Lobe

Answer 1

Precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex fro voluntary muscle movement), Premotor Cortex (mvmt planning), Prefrontal Cortex (controls emotions, judgements, higer order cognition such as ideation and abstraction), Broca’s area

Question 2

Tremor (classification/identification)

Answer 2

rhythmic alternating oscillatory movements produced by repetitive patterns of mm contraction and relaxation.
classified by rate, rhythm and distribution
identified as occurring at rest (resting tremor) or during activity (action or intention tremor)

Question 3

Dyskinesias

Answer 3

involuntary, non repetitive, but occasionally stereotyped movements affecting distal, proximal, and axial mm in varying combinations. Most are representative of basal ganglia disorders.

Question 4

Myoclonus

Answer 4

brief, rapid, involuntary mvmts of a mm or group of mms.

Question 5

tics:

Answer 5

brief, rapid, involuntary mvmts often resembling fragments of normal motor behavior. tend to be stereotyped and repetitive, but not rhythmic.

Question 6

chorea:

Answer 6

brief, purposeless, involuntary mvmts or the distal extremities and face, usually d/t manifestation of dopaminergic overactivity in the basal ganglia.

Question 7

ataxia

Answer 7

describes a lack of coordination while performing voluntary mvmts: may look like clumsiness, inaccuracy, or instability. mvmts are not smooth and may appear disjointed or jerky.

Question 8

Medial Lemniscus Pathway

Answer 8

Light touch, proprioception, vibration, pressure. UE tract: cuneate fasciculus, laterally located. LE tract: gracile fasciculus, medially located. Decussates in medulla -> thalamus -> somatosensory cortex aka postcentral gyrus

Question 9

Festinating gait

Answer 9

marked by small, rapid steps resulting from a forward-tilted posture of the head and trunk, present in Parkinson’s disease.

Question 10

Fasiculation

Answer 10

Involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation , observed as a muscle twitch.

Question 11

Akathisia

Answer 11

Motor restlessness, seen in Huntington’s Disease

Question 12

Paratonia

Answer 12

Involuntary resistance to passive movement of the extremities. One symptom of dementia.

Question 13

Paratonia

Answer 13

Involuntary resistance to passive movement of the extremities. One symptom of dementia.

Question 14

Athetosis

Answer 14

slow, involuntary, convoluted, writhing movements. Tone that fluctuates from low to normal with little spasticity

Question 15

Coreoathetosis

Answer 15

constant fluctuations from low to high tone, without cocontractions. Combined choreic and athetoid pattern.