Scalp and Superficial Face

Question 1

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

what is considered scalp proper?

Answer 1

Skin

Connective tissue (dense)

Aponeurosis (occipital frontalis)

Loose connective tissue

Pericranium

scalp proper = S,C,A

Question 2

How does the neurovascular supply run in the scalp?

How does this affect scalp injuries?

Answer 2

runs from inferior to superior

makes it easy to re-attach if pulled off

Question 3

What makes a gaping scalp wound?

Answer 3

if the aponeurosis is cut –> muscles will pull and make the wound gape

Question 4

Where is a scalp infection most dangerous and why?

Answer 4

in loose CT –> can travel to the whole head/brain

Question 5

What travels under the parotid gland?

Answer 5

facial nerve (doesn’t innervate parotid gland)

maxillary artery and v

Question 6

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 6

CN VII = facial N

all from arch #2

Question 7

What are the two parts of orbicularis oculi and their respective actions?

Answer 7

orbital part: closes eye tightly

palpebral part: closes eye gently

Question 8

What are the 5 muscles of mastication and what innervates them?

Answer 8

masseter m: mandibular n (V3) via masseteric n

temporalis m: deep temporal branches of mandibular n (V3)

lateral pterygoid m: lateral pterygoid n

medial pterygoid m: medial pterygoid n

buccinator m: facial n

Question 9

What does the temporalis m do?

masseter?

Answer 9

temporalis: raises the mandible
masseter: elevates and protrudes the mandible

Question 10

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 10

To Zanzibar By Motor Car

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

Question 11

What does the sensory root of the facial n innervate?

Answer 11

taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue (chorda tympani)

parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal gland, submandibular, and sublungual salivary glands

Question 12

What does the trigeminal N innervate in the face?

Answer 12

cutaneous sensation

V1 (opthalmic) = forehead, top eyelids, top of nose

V2 (maxillary) = bottom eyelid, side of nose, cheeks, upper lip

V3 (mandibular) = temple, jawline, chin

Question 13

What are the branches of the opthalmic (V1) n in the face?

Answer 13

supratrochlear

supraorbital

Question 14

What are the branches of the maxillary (V2) n in the face?

Answer 14

infraorbital n

zygomaticofacial n

zygomaticotemporal n

Question 15

What are the branches of the mandibular n (V3) in the face?

Answer 15

mental n

buccal n

auriculotemporal n

Question 16

What does cutaneous sensation to the back of the head and neck?

Answer 16

dorsal rami of cervical spinal Ns

Question 17

What does cutaneous sensation to the ear, behind the ears, and front neck/under chin?

Answer 17

branches from cervical plexus

Lesser occipital n (C2,3)

great auricular N (C2,3)

Transverse cervical n (C2, 3)

supraclavicular Ns (C3,4)

Question 18

Where does herpes zoster virus lay dormant?

Answer 18

in sensory ganglia

common to be in trigeminal n –> will spread out along dermatomes

Question 19

What are the end branches of the external carotid A in the face?

Answer 19

transverse facial A

superficial temporal A

Question 20

What is the vasculature to know in the forehead?

Answer 20

Come out of supraorbital foramina:

supraorbital A and V (lateral)

supratrochlea A and V (medial)

Question 21

What are the main anastomoses to know in the face?

Answer 21

angular w/ supratrochlear

supraorbital w/ superficial temporal