Nasal Cavity and Pterygopalatine Fossa

Question 1

What are the bony parts of the nose?

Answer 1

nasal bone
frontal process of maxilla
nasal part of frontal bone and nasal spine
bony part of nasal septum

Question 2

What are the cartilages of the nose?

Answer 2

2 lateral cartilages (superior)
2 alar cartilages
septal cartilage (middle)

Question 3

What is the glabella?

Answer 3

part of frontal bone above nose (where you get unibrow)

Question 4

What is considered the nasal septum proper?

Answer 4

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
septal cartilage
vomer bone

Question 5

What are the 2 basic areas of the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

inferior 2/3 = respiratory area

superior 1/3 = olfactory area

Question 6

What is the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

frontal bone
ethmoid bone
sphenoid bone

Question 7

What is the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

palatine process of maxilla

horizontal plate of palatine bone

Question 8

What is the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

nasal septum = perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, septal cartilage, nasal crests of maxillary and palatine

Question 9

What is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

superior, medial, and inferior nasal conchae

Question 10

Where are the openings of the posterior ethmoidal sinus?

Answer 10

in superior nasal meatus

Question 11

Where is the opening of the middle ethmoidal sinus?

Answer 11

in middle nasal meatus

Question 12

Where is the ethmoidal bulla?

Answer 12

under the second concha

directs mucus and air

Question 13

Where is the semilunar hiatus and what is located within it?

Answer 13

in middle nasal meatus

opening of maxillary sinus is located within it

Question 14

Where is the opening of the nasolacrimal duct?

Answer 14

in inferior nasal meatus

Question 15

What is the arterial supply to the nasal cavity?

Answer 15

to lateral and medial walls - branches of maxillary artery:
sphenopalatine A
anterior and post ethmoidal As
greater palatine A
From facial:
superior labial, lateral nasal

Question 16

What is the Desselbach area?

Answer 16

In anterior part of nasal cavity - where you can get really bad nosebleeds
where Ant and post ethmoidal As, sphenopalatine, greater palatine, sup labial, and lat nasal As converge

Question 17

What innervates the maxillary sinus?

Answer 17

superior alveolar n branches (V2)

Question 18

What innervates the ethmoid sinus?

Answer 18

nasociliary Ns (V1)

Question 19

What innervates the sphenoid sinus?

Answer 19

posterior ethmoidal N

Question 20

What innervates the frontal sinus?

Answer 20

supraorbital Ns (V1)

Question 21

What are the ant and post borders of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 21

ant: maxillary tuberosity
post: pterygoid process of sphenoid

Question 22

What are the medial and lateral borders of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 22

med: perpendicular plate of palatine bone
lateral: opens into infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure

Question 23

What are the roof and floor of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 23

roof: (incomplete) greater wing of sphenoid
floor: pyramidal process of palatine

Question 24

What are the openings of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 24

superior: inferior orbital fissure
inferior: closed except for palatine foramen

Question 25

What are the foramina of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 25

spheno-palatine foramen to nasal cavity

vidian canal to foramen rotundum

Question 26

Where do the palatine nerves run?

Answer 26

through pterygopalatine canal

Question 27

What are the significant nerves in the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 27

maxillary N (V3) –> pterygopalatine Ns –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> N of pterygoid canal and greater and lesser palatine Ns

Question 28

How do PS travel to the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 28

Travel through facial N on greater petrosal N –> joins the deep petrosal N = n of the pterygoid canal –> pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 29

How do sympathetics travel to the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 29

superior cervical ganglion –> Internal carotid plexus –> deep petrosal n (post syn) –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> join branches of maxillary n