Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NS-1 > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What do the vestibulospinal and pontine reticulospinal tracts do?

A

innervate Extensor muscles

(Eve is Very Pretty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do the Rubrospinal and Medullary reticulospinal tracts do?

A

innervate Flexor muscles

(Flex Real Money)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Do the subcortical tracts go contralateral or ipsilateral?

A

Ipsi: all except for rubrospinal

Rubrospinal: contra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which paths of the corticobulbar tract are contra and which are ipsi?

A

Trigeminal: 50/50 split

Facial: upper face = ipsi/both; lower face = contra

nucleus ambiguus (9,10): contra

Hypoglossal: contra

Spinal accessory: ipsi`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 midline structures in the brainstem?

A

Motor path –> contra weakness

Medial lemniscus –> contra proprio/vibration loss

Medial longitudinal fasiculus –> Ipsi INO

Motor Nucleus and Ns –> Ipsi CN motor loss of 3, 4, 6, 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 Side/lateral structures

A

Spinocerebellar path –> ipsi ataxia

Spinothalamic path –> contra pain/temp

Sensory Nucleus of 5 –> ipsi pain/temp loss in face

Sympathetic path –> ipsi horner’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What NTs are responsible for vasoconstriction of the brain when BP gets really high?

A

NE

Neuropeptide Y

(via sympathetics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is Mg higher in the CSF or plasma?

A

higher in CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does activation of Mu opiod receptors cause?

A

triad of analgesia, euphoria, and respiratory depression

constipation develops later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the main effect of activation of CB-1 receptors?

A

decreases NT release at both EAA and GABA-nergic synapses

this causes euphoria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which cannabinoid receptor helps remove beta amyloid plaques from the brain?

A

CB-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of neuron is likely to release multiple types of neurotransmitters from its pre-synaptic terminus?

A

an adrenergic neuron

bc the path is Tyr –> dopamine –> epi –> norepi

can release stuff from along path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What characterize merkel’s discs?

A

slow receptor

small field

sense light touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What receptors have small fields?

A

merkels disc = slow

meissner = fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what receptors have large fields

A

pacinian = fast

ruffini = slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cranial n arises in the interpeduncular fossa?

A

oculomotor n (III)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which CN passes btw the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar As?

A

occulomotor n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aberant branches of what artery can commonly compress the trigeminal N?

A

superior cerebellar A

(this CN is also near the posterior cerebral A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of neuralgia will cause a sharp pain in the back of one’s throat and at the base of the tongue during chewing and swallowing?

This nerve is also involved in gag reflex

A

glossopharyngeal neuralgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common site of aneurysm in the posterior circulation?

A

bifurcation of the basilar A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is Broca’s area?

A

in opercular and triangular parts of inf frontal gyrus

22
Q

Where is the uncus located?

A

in the rostromedial aspect of the parahippocampal gyrus

23
Q

What parts of the brain contain choroid plexus?

A

lateral Vs

3rd V

4th V

interventricular foramen

24
Q

What is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

blunt trauma

25
Q

What is the glomus choroideum and where is it?

A

a calcified part of choroid plexus

in the atrium of the lateral ventricles

26
Q

What cistern does the abducens nerve pass through?

A

prepontine cistern

27
Q

What type of hemorrhage can cause “talk and die”

A

epidural hemorrhage

28
Q

What type of hemorrhage causes a “thunderclap headache”?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

29
Q

If you have loss of pain and temp due to a SC injury, where does it start?

A

about 2 levels below

on contralateral side of lesion

30
Q

If you have loss of proprioception and discriminative touch, where does it occur in relation to a SC injury?

A

at dermatome of level of injury

on ipsi side

31
Q

where do the tongue and uvula deviate in the case of lesion?

A

tongue –> toward side of lesion

uvula –> away from lesion

32
Q

in the nucleus gracilis and cuneatis, where are neurons located topographically?

A

lower limb = ventral

upper limb = dorsal

33
Q

Where do the third order neurons of the medial lemniscal path travel?

A

through the thalamocortical tract

34
Q

Where do receptors carrying pain and temperature enter the SC?

A

via the lateral division of the dorsal root

35
Q

How are neurons arranged topographically in the ALS?

A

Legs = postero lateral

arms = medial

36
Q

Severence of what tract causes a pt to lose the ability to voluntarily void his bladder?

A

lateral reticulospinal tract

37
Q

What is tabes dorsalis?

A

meningovascular inflammation of blood vessels as the pierce the pia at jxn of dorsal rootlets and posterior columns

see lightning pains from lower limbs for last several years

atonic bladder and painless urine retention

locomotor ataxia -wide gait w/ slapping feet - loss of proprioception

38
Q

What occurs in poliomyelitis?

A

infection of motor neurons of ventral horn and cranial nerve motor nuclei

fever, headach, etc

may subside or can get varying degrees of paresis or paralysis

39
Q

What occurs in paralytic poliomyelitis

A

after polio infection

damage to nucleus ambiguus, phrenic nucleus, or medial motor cell column –> paralysis of pharyngeal, laryngeal, diaphragm, or intercostal ms

40
Q

What occurs in syringomyelia?

A
  1. damage to anterior white commisure –> loss of pain and temp sense
  2. damage to lateral corticospinal tract –> UMN sx
  3. anterior horn –> LMN sx
  4. posterior collumns –> anesthesia
41
Q

Where is wernicke’s area?

A

posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus

42
Q

From a medial view, what are the 3 occipital lobe gyri from superior to inferior?

A

cuneus

lingual

calcarine

43
Q

What is the median aperture?

A

opening in the roof of the fourth ventricle in the rostral medulla

44
Q

What can a subfalcine herniation compress?

A

ACA

45
Q

what important things does the Posterior spinal A supply in the SC?

A

posterior fasciculi

leg neurons of the ALS

46
Q

What supplies medial midbrain?

What can infarction of these as cause?

A

anteromedial branches of basilar bifurcation and P1 segment

infarction –> weber’s sx or medial pontine sx (if in pons)

47
Q

What are the other names for P3 and P4?

A

P3 = quadriminal segment

P4 = cortical segment

48
Q

What are the other names for the M2 and M3 segments?

A

M2 = insular segment

M3 = opercular segment

49
Q

What does the cingulate gyrus receive blood from?

A

anterior cerebral A

50
Q

Where are the mamillary bodies?

A

hypothalamus

51
Q

What type of neuronal transport is slow?

A

anterograde only

(antero and retro can both be fast)

52
Q
A

NS-1 (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions