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NS-1 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What type of memory is the cerebellum involved in forming?

A

procedural memory

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2
Q

If you lesion the cerebellum, what do you NOT have?

A

paralysis

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3
Q

What 3 nuclei of the cerebellum do you need to be able to see on slides?

A

emboliform nucleus

globose nucleus

dentate nucleus

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4
Q

Where is the molecular layer of the cerbellum and what types of cells lie there?

A

closest to pial surface

basket and stellate cells are there

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5
Q

What is the deepest gray matter layer of the cerebellum and what types of cells lie there?

A

granular layer

contains granule cells and a few golgi cells

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6
Q

What is the only excitatory neuron in the gray matter of the cerebellum?

Wat NT does it use?

A

granule cells

use glutamate

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7
Q

What are the output cells of the cerebellum gray matter?

A

purkinje cells

inhibit the cerebellar nuclei and vestibular nuclei

NT is GABA

purkinje –> deep nuclei –> contralateral cortex via superior peduncle

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8
Q

Where are stellate cells found and what do they do?

A

in the molecular layer

only synapse w/ purkinje cells –> inhibit them

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9
Q

Where are golgi cells found and what do they do?

A

in granular layer of cerebellar cortex

inhibitory neuron using GABA

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10
Q

Where are basket cells and what do they do?

A

found in molecular layer of cerebellar cortex

synapse w/ purkinje cells and inhibit them using GABA

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11
Q

What are the types of neurons in gray matter of the cerebellum?

A

both afferent and excitatory:

climbing fibers from inferior olive –> excitatory to purkinje

mossy fibers from SC, reticular formation, vestibular system and pontine –> granulocytes

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12
Q

What type of info do climbing and mossy fibers convey?

A

climbing: info regarding movement errors to cerebellum
mossy: somatosensory, arousal, equilibrium and cerebral cortex motor info to cerebellum

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13
Q

Besides sending info to the cerebellar cortex, where do mossy and climbing fibers send collaterals?

A

to deep cerebellar nuclei

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14
Q

What is the vestibulocerebellum?

A

fxnal name for the flocculonodular lobe

receives info directly from vestibular receptors –> output to vestibular nuclei

also receives input from visual areas

influences eye movements and postural ms of head and body

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15
Q

What is the spinocerebellum and what does it do?

A

fxnal name for the vermis (midline) and paravermal (just lateral) region

somatosensory info, internal feedback from spinal interneurons, and sensorimotor cortex

controls ongoing movement via the brainstem descending tracts

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16
Q

What to medial upper motor neurons of the spinocerebellum do?

Lateral upper UMNs?

A

medial –> go to posture muscles

lateral –> to limbs, gate, and station

17
Q

What is the pontocerebellum?

A

also called the neocerebellum or cerebrocerebellum

lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum

input from cerebral cortex via pontine nuclei

coordinates voluntary mvt, planning of movements, and timing

18
Q

Where does the pontocerebellum send fibers to?

A

purkinje to dentate nucleus –> then to red nucleus and VL nucleus of thalamus

19
Q

What is the posterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

carries unconscious proprioception from lower limb

1st order neurons enter via DRG and ascend in gracile fasciculus –> synapse in nucleus dorsalis of clark (gray matter from C8-L2) –> 2ndary neuron ascends in dorsolateral funiculus (posterior spinocerebellar tract) –> enters cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle

*stays ipsilateral*

20
Q

What is the cuneocerebellar tract?

A

axons carry unconscious proprioception from upper limb

1st order neurons enter DRG –> ascend in cuneate fasciculus –> synapse in accessory cuneate nucleus (lower medulla) –> 2ndary fiber ascends to cerebellum and enters via inferior cerebellar nucleus

*stays ipsilateral*

21
Q

What does the anterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

carries proprioception info to cerebellum

crosses once at anterior white commissure –> to superior cerebellar peduncle –> crosses again to cerebellum

ends up crossing 2x - info ends up on ipsilateral side of cerebellum

22
Q

From where does info entering the cerebellum via the inferior peduncle arise?

A

inferior olive

spinal cord

vestibular nuclei

23
Q

From where does info come that enters the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

pontine nuclei

24
Q

What efferent routes go through the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

from globose, emboliform and dentate nuclei

25
Q

What cerebellar nuclei go to the red nucleus and thalamus?

A

dentate nucleus

globose and emboliform nuclei

26
Q

What is the efferent path from the spinocerebellum?

A

purkinje fibers to globose and emboliform nuclei –> through paravermal area –> to red nucleus and VL nucleus of thalamus

27
Q

What does the fastigial nucleus receive fibers from and where does it send efferents to?

A

receives from: spinocerebellum and vestibulocerebellum

to: reticular formation and vestibular nucleus

28
Q

What is the efferent path from the vestibulocerebellum?

A

purkinjes to fastigial nucleus or directly to vestibular nucleus via juxtarestiform body

fastigial nucleus -vermis-> reticular formation or vestibular nucleus

29
Q

Where do fibers from the reticulospinal tract come from?

A

medullary reticular formation

pontine reticular formation

30
Q

Where do fibers from the red nucleus go?

A

to inferior olivary nucleus –> cerebellar cortex

or to rubrospinal tract –> muscles

31
Q

What do unilateral cerebellar lesions cause?

A

affect the ipsilateral side

ataxia is common to all cerebellar lesions = voluntary, normal strength, jerky, and inaccurate movements not assoc w/ hyperstiffness

wide gait, fall toward side of lesion

32
Q

What do you see in lesions of the vestibulocerebellum?

A

nystagmus

truncal ataxia = difficulty maintaining sitting and standing balance

truncal instability (titubation) = ant-post tremor

can’t tandem walk

33
Q

What do you see in lesions of spinocerebellum?

A

gait and truncal ataxia

34
Q

What is midline ataxia?

A

caused by vestibulocerebellar and spinocerebellar disease

truncal instability: titubation, gait ataxia

equilibratory ataxias (gait)

35
Q

what do you see in lesions of cerebrocerebellum?

A

dysarthria: slurred, poorly articulated speech

ataxic gait

decomposition of movements

dysdiadochokinesia: inability to rapidly alt movements
dysmetria: inability to accurately move an intended distance

action tremor

36
Q

What is appendicular ataxia?

A

dysfunction of cerebellar hemispheres

ataxia of the extremities and speech

see hypotonia and decomposition of mvt

37
Q

What are the differences btw cerebellar ataxia and sensory ataxia?

A

cerebellar: romberg test +, unable to stand w/ feet together (w/ or w/out eyes open), normal vibratory sense, propriosense, and ankle reflexes
sensory: can stand w/ feet together w/ eyes open, but not closed (+ romberg test), abnormal vibratory, prprioception, and ankle reflexes

NS-1 (50 decks)

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