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NS-1 > Neck Myology > Flashcards

Neck Myology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

anterior = sternocleidomastoid m

posterior = trapezius m

inferior = clavicle

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2
Q

What other two triangles are located within the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

occipital triangle

omoclavicular triangle

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3
Q

What separates the occipital triangle and the supraclavicular triangle?

A

the inferior belly of the omohyoid M

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid M?

A

spinal accessory N (CN 11)

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5
Q

What are the two types of torticollis?

A

congenital toritcollis = unilateral shortening of SCM m –> head rotatd away and sidebent toward fibrous “tumor”

spasmodic torticollis = adult onset, abnormal tonicity of cervical ms, usually SCM and trapezius

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6
Q

Where do the scalenes insert?

A

anterior and middle = 1st rib

posterior = 2nd rib

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7
Q

What are the innervations of the scalene Ms?

A

anterior: C4-6

Middle: C3-8

Posterior: C5-7

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8
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

medial: median line of neck
lateral: SCM
superior: mandible

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9
Q

What are the 4 triangles within the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

submental triangle

submandibular triangle

carotid triangle

muscular triangle

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10
Q

What separates the two suprahyoid triangles and what are those triangles?

A

anterior belly of the digastric M separates

submandibular triangle

submental triangle

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11
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A

submental A, LNs, and small veins

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12
Q

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

A

submandibular gland, hypoglossal N, N to mylohyoid M, parts of facial A

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13
Q

What separates the two infrahyoid triangles and what are they?

A

superior belly of omohyoid M separates

muscular triangle (more anterior)

carotid triangle (more posterior)

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14
Q

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

A

thyroid gland and parathyroid glands

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15
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A

common carotid A

internal jugular V

Vagus N

hypoglossal N

spinal accessory N

superior root of ansa cervalis

thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, branches of cervical plexus

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16
Q

What are the action and innervation of the geniohyoid m?

A

A: pulls hyoid b anteriorsuperiorly, shortens floor of mouth, widens pharynx

I: C1 via hypoglossal N

17
Q

What are the action and innervation of mylohyoid m?

A

A: elevates hyoid bone, floor of mouth, and tongue

I: mylohyoid N

18
Q

What are the action and innervation of the digastric M?

A

A: depresses mandible, elevates and steadies hyoid bone

I: anterior belly - mylohyoid n

posterior belly - facial n

19
Q

What are the action and innervation of stylohyoid m?

A

A: elevate and retract hyoid b, elongate floor of mouth

I: facial N

20
Q

What are the 4 infrahyoid ms?

A

thyrohyoid

sternothyroid

sternohyoid

omohyoid (sup and inf bellies)

21
Q

What are the innervations for the infrahyoid Ms?

A

All ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

except: thyrohyoid = C1 via hypoglossal N

22
Q

what is the innervation of platysma M

A

cervical branch of facial N

23
Q

Where do all of the pharyngeal constrictor Ms insert?

Where do they originate respectively?

A

median raphe of pharynx

Superior: (also I on pharyngeal tubercle of occipital b) part of the mandible, pterygoid hamulus, side of tongue

middle: stylohyoid L, greater and lesser hornds of hyoid b
inferior: thyroid and cricoid cartilage

24
Q

What are the innervations of the pharyngeal constrictor Ms?

A

Superior: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N and pharyngeal plexus

Middle and Inferior: pharyngeal branch of vagus N and pharngeal plexus, branches of recurrent laryngeal N

25
Q

What n innervates levator scapulae m?

A

dorsal scapular n

26
Q

What n innervates splenius capitis ms?

A

posterior rami C3-C5

27
Q

What n innervates both the posterior belly of digastric m and stylohyoid m?

A

facial n

28
Q

What n innervates palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus ms?

A

pharyngeal branch of vagus n

29
Q

What n innervates stylopharyngeus m

A

glossopharyngeal n

30
Q

what are the laryngeal muscles (6) and what innervates them?

A

cricothyroid m

posterior cricoarytenoid m

lateral cricoarytenoid m

transverse and oblique arytenoid m

thyroarytenoid m

vocalis m

*all innervated by recurrent laryngeal n except cricothyroid = external laryngeal n*

31
Q

What is the action of cricothyroid m?

A

stretches and tenses vocal L

32
Q

What does the posterior crucoarytenoid m do?

A

abducts focal fold

33
Q

What does the lateral cricoarytenoid m do?

A

adducts vocal fold

34
Q

What do the transverse and oblique arytenoid ms do?

A

adduct arytenoid cartilage

closes intercartilaginous part of rima glottidis

35
Q

what does the thyroiarytenoid m do?

A

relaxes vocal l

36
Q

What does the vocalis m do?

A

relaxes posterior part of vocal L

tenses anterior part of vocal L

37
Q

What is zone one of injury in the neck?

A

clavicle to cricoid c

great vessels, trachea, esophagus, lung apices, cervical spine and nerves are at risk

38
Q

What is zone 2 of injury in the neck?

A

cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible

carotid and vertebral As

jugular Vs

pharynx, larynx, trachea

esophagus, cervical spine, spinal cord

39
Q

What is zone 3 of injury in the neck?

A

angle of mandible to base of skull

salivary and parotid glands

esophagus, trachea, vertebral bodies

carotid As, jugular Vs

spinal cord and other major nerves

NS-1 (50 decks)

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