Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NS-1 > Final Prep/Random Notes > Flashcards

Final Prep/Random Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the output path of the cerebellum?

A

Purkinje cells (always inhibitory) –> deep cerebellar nuclei –> contralateral cortex via superior cerebellar peduncle

Deep nuclei = Dont Eat Greasy Food

Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?

A

Wernicke problems come in a CAN O’ beer

Confusion

Ataxia

Nystagmus

Ophtalmoplegia

memory loss, confabulation, personality chgs

Due to lesion of mammillary bodies bilaterallly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the lateral horn present in the spinal cord?

A

T1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the gracile and cuneatus fasciculi both present?

A

above T7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do the restiform body + juxtarestiform body make up?

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What normally activates a central pattern generator and what kind of motions does it contorl?

A

corticla input –> CPG (though to be in spinal cord) –> repetitive actions that can be controlled by same tework of neurons (walking, chewing, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What path does the visual cortex use to relay visual info related to reaching?

A

dorsal visual path and parietal cortex –> motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does TRP-V1 sense?

A

capsaicin

when on thermoreceptor, if bound –> firing rate increases as temp goes down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does TRP-M8 sense?

A

menthol

when on thermoreceptor, if bound –> firing rate increases as temp goes down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the receptor btw pre and post ganglionic neurons in both divisions of ANS?

A

Ach

NAchR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What nerve carries thermosensitive info from the gut?

A

vagus n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What enzyme produces prostaglandins?

A

COX

COX1 = present all the time

COX2 = involved in inflammation and fever production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What occurs in heat stroke?

A

body temp gets so high that the hypothalamus can’t control body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can hypothermia affect chemical reactions?

A

reduces rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus?

A

magnocellular: oxytocin and ADH

Parvocellular: releasing hormones

autonomic controlling –> SNS and PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What fibers are in the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

afferents from ventral spinocerebellar tract

major efferent route from globose, emboliform, and dentate nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What fibers are in the middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

afferent from pontine nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is titubation?

A

tremor of the trunk in an A-P plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What vestibular nuclei do you see in the pons?

A

superior

medial

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What vestibular nuclei do you see in the upper medulla?

A

medial

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What vestibular nuclei do you see in middle and lower medulla?

A

medial

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What significant fibers are in the juxtarestiform body of the inferior cerebellar peduncal?

A

primary vestibulocerebellar efferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the lateral vestibulospinal tract project?

A

from lateral and inf vestibular nuclei –> all levels of ipsi SC

anterorostral –> cervical

posterocaudal –> lumbosacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the medial vestibulospinal tract project?

A

go do neck muscles bilaterally

input from V receptors, cerebellum, and PCMLS

medial nucleus –> bilaterally thru MLF –> laminae 8 and 9 of cervical SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What types of fibers are in the brachii of inferior and superior colliculi?

A

remember SLIM

afferents from auditory sytem go from Inf colliculus –> medial gen body via the brachium

visual input from lateral gen body –> sup colliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does activation of pyramidal cells in the primary motor cortex do?

What layer are these cells located?

A

output for corticospinal tract –> contract skeletal muscle

layer V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What part of the hypothalamus is responsible for generating autonomic flow?

A

paraventricular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does the orbitofrontal cortex do?

A

combines visual, gustatory, and olfactory info together

29
Q

What does area V3a identify?

A

ID of motion

30
Q

What does area V2 do?

A

identifies depth perception

31
Q

What is the major job of area V1?

A

identifying edges and contours

32
Q

What visual pathway is associated with movement?

A

dorsal pathway = where pathway

arises from area V3

33
Q

Where is the nucleus accumbens?

A

in basal forebrain rostral to preoptic hypothalamus

at the junction of the caudate head and the putamen

34
Q

What structure is located in the medial wall of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle?

A

hippocampus

35
Q

What structures could a tumor of the pineal gland compress?

A

pulvinar nuclei (in btw these)

superior colliculi

36
Q

What Ns come out of the post-olivary sulcus?

Pre?

A

9 and 10 = post

12 = pre

37
Q

What cells do layers 1 and 2 of the primary visual cortex receive info from and what are they called?

A

magnocellular layer

from rods

38
Q

What do cell layers 3-6 of the primary visual cortex receive info from and what are they called?

A

parvocellular

from cones

39
Q

What movements is the superior colliculus important in directing?

A

eye movements

40
Q

What important fibers are in the posterior commissure?

A

nerves from edinger-westphal nucleus –> decussate so that pupillary reflex is bilateral!

41
Q

How does photoreceptor depolarization affect on and off center cells?

A

On: hyperpolarized

off: depolarized

42
Q

What is the major function of V4?

A

processing of color inputs

43
Q

What structure is located immediately caudal to the anterior commissure and looks like a black spot in MRI?

A

column of the fornix

44
Q

Where is the amygdaloid complex?

A

just inside the uncus

45
Q

Where is the pulvinar nucleus?

A

just superior to the geniculate bodies

46
Q

Where does the mammillothalamic tract run?

A

from mammillary bodies to anterior thalamic nucleus

47
Q

Where do efferent cerebellar fibers go?

A

exit via superior colliculus and decussate –> to Ventral Lateral nucleus on opposite side of cerebellar nuclei

48
Q

What is auditory agnosia?

A

Being unable to understand and interpret words

49
Q

What is the difference btw subjective and objective vertigo?

A

subjective: pt is still but feels like he is still moving
objective: pt feels still but that objects around him are still moving

50
Q

In what disease does a patient have a tendency to put objects in his mouth?

A

Kluver-Bucy

51
Q

What structure deteriorates in Huntingtons?

A

Head of caudate

52
Q

If there is bilateral damage to the temporal lobes, what is most likely damaged and what will this result in?

A

hippocampus –> long and short-term memory loss

53
Q

What is damaged in sensory ataxia?

A

nerves of posterior column

54
Q

If you see hemiballismus, what is most likely lesioned?

A

subthalamic nuclei on opposit side of Sx

55
Q

What artery supplies most of the cerebellar nuclei and cortex?

A

superior cerebellar A

56
Q

What is dystonia?

A

abnormal movements of the trunk

57
Q

What does the anterior choroidal A serve?

A

optic tract

inf portions of post limb int cap

58
Q

What fibers tell the cerebellum to correct errors?

Where do they originate?

A

climbing fibers

from inferior olive

59
Q

What is most likely damaged in an intention tremor?

A

cerebrocerebellum –> dentate nucleus –> red nucleus and thalamus

anything along this path

60
Q

What does endolymph most resemble?

What is the disease in which there is too much?

A

ICF

Meniere’s

61
Q

What is damaged in Argyll-Robertson pupil?

A

pretectum –> no pupillary response to light

everything else ok

due to neurosyphyllis

62
Q

What happens if the left cerebral peduncle is compressed?

A

will have right side hemiparesis

63
Q

What do you see in cerebellopontine Syndrome?

A

mass in posterior fossa

ipsi face loss of pain and temp

ipsi face paralysis

contra loss of pain and temp

64
Q

What is the rhomberg test specific for?

A

proprioception

dorsal columns

65
Q

What is dysmetria?

A

inability to move an intended distance

cerebrocerebellum problem

66
Q

When do photoreceptors depolarize?

A

in the dark

67
Q

What causes contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing?

A

infarction of the calcarine sulcus

68
Q

What ear muscle does trigeminal N innervate?

A

tensor tympani

NS-1 (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions