SB5f Virus life cycles Flashcards

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1
Q

Why are viruses described as particles rather than cells?

A

.Viruses are acellular, they’re not cells.​
.They all consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat (capsid)​
.Viruses cannot copy themselves on their own​

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2
Q

What must viruses do in order to reproduce?

A

viruses must use host cells and this destroys the host which leads to cell damage and death.​

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3
Q

What do viruses use to make new virus copies?

A

host cell machinery e.g. ribosomes. They can then break out of the cells causing lysis.

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4
Q

What is the role of the capsid?

A

to protect the genome.

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5
Q

What is the role of the attachment protein?

A

to allow viruses to invade host cells.

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6
Q

What is lysis?

A

the disintegration of a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane.

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7
Q

What do viruses that cause cell lysis undergo?

A

Lytic or lysogenic pathway

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8
Q

lytic pathway? APRAR

A

Attachment ~ virus attaches to surface of host cell
Penetration ~ virus injects its genetic material into host cell
Replication ~ viral genetic material takes control of hosts cells machinery and starts making copies of itself
Assembly ~ newly formed viral components come together to form complete viruses
Release ~ host cell bursts open releasing newly formed viruses

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9
Q

lysogenic pathway? APIDA

A

Attachment ~ virus attaches to the surface of host cell
Penetration ~ virus injects its genetic material into host cell
Integration ~ viral genetic material becomes part of host cells DNA
Dormancy ~ viral DNA remains dormant and is replicated with the host cells DNA during cell division
Activation ~ under certain conditions the viral DNA can become active and enter the lytic cycle

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