save my exams app,water, inorganic ions

Question 1

anabolic reactions

Answer 1

building larger molecules from smaller molecules
To move substances across the cell membrane (active transport) or to move substances within the cell

Question 2

animals, energy is required for

Answer 2

For muscle contraction – to coordinate movement at the whole-organism level
In the conduction of nerve impulses, as well as many other cellular processes

Question 3

Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 3

atp
nucleotide

Question 4

what is atp

Answer 4

energy-carrying molecule that provides the energy to drive many processes inside living cells
type of nucleic acid
imilar to the nucleotides that make up DNA and RNA
It is a phosphorylated nucleotide

Question 5

Adenosine (a nucleoside) can be combined with

Answer 5

one phosphate group
two phosphate groups
three phosphate groups

Question 6

One phosphate group

Answer 6

monophosphate
amp

Question 7

two phosphate group

Answer 7

diphosphate
adp

Question 8

three phosphate group

Answer 8

triphosphate
atp

Question 9

what base is adenine

Answer 9

nitrogenous

Question 10

hat base is adsoine

Answer 10

nucleoside

Question 11

hydrogen bonds in water cause

Answer 11

An excellent solvent
high specific heat capacity
high latent heat of vaporisation
Water is less dense when a soli
high surface tension and cohesion

Question 12

Water has many essential roles in living organisms due to its properties:

Answer 12

The polarity of water molecules
The presence and number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules

Question 13

Solvent

Answer 13

polar molecule
covalently bonded polar substances (e.g. glucose) will dissolve in it
allows chemical reactions to occur within cells
Metabolites can be transported efficiently

Question 14

High specific heat capacity

Answer 14

a relatively large amount of energy is required to raise its temperature
due to the many hydrogen bonds
lot of thermal energy to break these bonds and a lot of energy to build them

Question 15

advantage of high spec heat cap

Answer 15

Provides suitable habitats
This is vital in maintaining temperatures that are optimal for enzyme activity

Question 16

Latent heat of vaporisation

Answer 16

(from liquid to gas) a large amount of thermal energy must be absorbed by water to break the hydrogen bonds and evaporate

Question 17

advantage of specific latent heat if vaporisation

Answer 17

as only a little water is required to evaporate for the organism to lose a great amount of heat
This provides a cooling effect

Question 18

inorganic ions

Answer 18

Hydrogen ions (H+)
Iron ions (Fe2+/Fe3+)
Sodium ions (Na+)
Phosphate ions (PO43-)
Calcium ions (Ca2+)

Question 19

hydrogen ions

Answer 19

concentration of H+ in a solution determines the pH
more H+ ions present, the lower the pH
very important for enzyme-controlled reactions
maintenance of this normal pH is essential for many of the metabolic processes that take place within cell
can affect enzyme structure
abnormal levels of hydrogen ions can interact with the side-chains of amino acids and change the secondary and tertiary structures of the proteins that make up enzymes
This can cause denaturation of enzymes

Question 20

iron ions

Answer 20

Haemoglobin is the large protein in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen around the body
Fe2+ is a key component in haemoglobin as it binds to oxygen

Question 21

sodium

Answer 21

required for the transport of glucose and amino acids across cell-surface membranes

Glucose and amino acid molecules can only enter cells alongside sodium
co-transport
Na+ is also required for the transmission of nerve impulses

Question 22

phosphate

Answer 22

essential component of DNA, RNA and ATP
allow individual nucleotides to join up (to form polynucleotides)
bonds between phosphate groups store energy
When the bonds between phosphate groups are broken, they release a large amount of energy, which can be used for cellular processes

Question 23

what is an inorganic ion

Answer 23

an ion that doesn’t contain carbon