Atp Water Inorganic Ions

Question 1

Atp definition

Answer 1

energy-carrying molecule that provides the energy to drive many processes inside living cells

Question 2

Structure of atp is similar to

Answer 2

another type of nucleic acid and hence it is structurally very similar to the nucleotides that make up DNA and RNA

Question 3

What is phosphorylation

Answer 3

The addition of phosphate to an organic compound

Question 4

One phosphate group

Answer 4

Adenosine mono phase

Question 5

Two phosphate grips

Answer 5

Adenosine diphosphate

Question 6

Three phosphate group

Answer 6

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 7

Why atp is beneficial

Answer 7

1) hydrolysis of ATP can be carried out quickly and easily wherever energy is required within the cell by the action of just one enzyme, ATPase

2)useful quantity of energy is released from the hydrolysis of one ATP molecule - this is beneficial as it reduces waste but also gives the cell control over what processes occur

Question 8

Hydrolysis of atp to

Answer 8

Adp

Question 9

What is the inorganic phosphate catalysed by for hydrolysis

Answer 9

Atp hydolysase

Question 10

What the energy from hydrolysis be used by

Answer 10

The active transport of ions up a concentration gradient
Enzyme controlled reactions that require energy
Muscle contraction and muscle fibre movement

Question 11

Removal of one phosphate group from atp

Answer 11

Releases 30.8kj energy forming adp

Question 12

Removal of second phosphate group from adp

Answer 12

Releases 30.8kj forming amp

Question 13

Third and fins phosphate group removed

Answer 13

Releases 14.2 forming adenosine

Question 14

Phosphorylation of other compounds

Answer 14

Makes them more reactive

Question 15

Releasing small amount of energ

Answer 15

Drive metabolic reaction so low energy wastage

Question 16

Exists as a stable molecule

Answer 16

Doesn’t break down unless catalyse present so energy not wasted

Question 17

Quick hydrolysis

Answer 17

Allows cells to respond to sudden increase in energy demand

Question 18

Soluble

Answer 18

Can transport energy to differ t areas of the cell

Question 19

How atp is formed

Answer 19

when ADP is combined with an inorganic phosphate (Pi) group by the enzyme ATP synthase
This is an energy-requiring reaction
Water is released as a waste product (therefore ATP synthesis is a condensation reaction)

Question 20

Two ways on which atp can be made

Answer 20

Substrate
Chemiosmosis

Question 21

Substrate forming atp

Answer 21

linked phosphorylation (occurs in the glycolysis stage of respiration)

Question 22

Chemiosmosis

Answer 22

occurs in the electron transport chain stage of respiration)

Question 23

Adenine
Hydrolysis
Atp is broken down in hydrolysis and used to provide energy for metabolic reactions and atp is not stored long term and used immediately

Question 24

Watson and crick

Answer 24

1953
Discovered structure of dna was a double helix

Question 25

Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin

Answer 25

X ray diffraction -distance between strands identical throughout molecules 2 pyramidines - too small 2 purines -too big Too big or too smal so one of each

Question 26

Phosphate pfaces outisde

Answer 26

It’s hydrophilic and bases are hydrophobic and they attract

Question 27

Nucleotide

Answer 27

3 components linked together by condensation reactions Deoxyribose Phosphate group Organic bass

Question 28

Pyrimidines

Answer 28

Cytosine and thymine

Question 29

Purines

Answer 29

Adenine and guanine

Question 30

Polymeucleotides joining together

Answer 30

Condensation reaction and forms di nucleotide Bind is a phosphodiester bond

Question 31

Dna structure

Answer 31

2 strands of polunudoeotides by hyridehn binds Number of rings as a base has as we,l as it’s bonding determine the complimentary base pairs Quantities of bases are the same but the ratios each differ betweeen species

Question 32

How many bonds between at cg

Answer 32

2 3

Question 33

Rungs

Answer 33

Pair of bases

Question 34

Uprights

Answer 34

Dosxyribose + phosphate Run in opposite directions and are anti parallel One complete turn 10 bases

Question 35

Stability of dna

Answer 35

1)sugar-phopshate backbone with phosphodiester bonds protects the more reactive organic bases inside the double helix 2)hydrogen binds -link organic bases forming bridges between the sugar -phosphate uprights 3)3

Question 36

What is naked dna

Answer 36

Dna not associated with protein eg.histone

Question 37

Dna replications

Answer 37

Nuceleic acids can only be synthesised in the 5’ to 3’ direction because the enzyme dna polymerase assembles a dna molecule by attaching the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the hydroxyl group on the carbon 3 of the nucleotide at the end of the chain

Question 38

Dna helixasw

Answer 38

Unzips /unwinds the double helix by breaking hydrogen binds between bases of each strand

Question 39

Free dna nucleotides a

Answer 39

Attach to the exposed bases by complimentary base pairing

Question 40

Dna polymerase

Answer 40

Forms the sugar phosphate backbone Catalyses the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate of one nuelcotide and the deoxyribose sugar of the next This is a condensation reaction

Question 41

Semi conservative replication

Answer 41

The two new dna molecules consist of one original strand and one new strand