respiration

Question 1

respiration

Answer 1

releases energy gradually incorporating small ,manageable n amounts into the bonds in ATP molecules

Question 2

reasons why energy is required in cella

Answer 2

-metabolism
-movement
-active transport
-maintanance ,repair, cell divine
-synthesising vital substances
-maintaining body temperature
-

Question 3

atp

Answer 3

-adenosine triphosphate the main cellular energy storage molecule
-used to provide energy for cellular proccesses

Question 4

what would be the characteristics of useful energy storage molecule

Answer 4

little energy is lost as heat
releases energy quickly
it can phosphorylate other compounds making them more reactive
-it can be rapidly re synthesised
-it does not leave cells

Question 5

structure of atp

Answer 5

is a phosphorylated nucleotide similar to dna and rna

atp cannot leave the cell where it is made

Question 6

bonds in atp

Answer 6

the bonds between the phosphate group are unstable and so have a low activation energy which means they are easily broken

when they break they release considerable amount of energy. Water is used to convert ATP to ADP so it is a hydrolysis reaction catalysed by atp hydrolase

ATP +H2O->ADP+PI

Question 7

what is pi

Answer 7

inorganic phosphate

Question 8

ATP reaction

Answer 8

-atp is produced by the atp synthase enzyme
-the energy in atp is released when hydrolyse by an ATPase enzyme

Question 9

when atp acts as an energy store

Answer 9

when one phosphate group is removed from each molecule in one mole pf ATP 30.5kj of energy released

-tjhis is a hydrolysis reaction and is catalysed by enzymes called ATPases

Question 10

What is glucose broken into in respiration

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide
Water

Question 11

Synthesis of atp

Answer 11

Synthesis is catalysed by atp synthase
H20 is removed in formation of atp so it’s a condensation reaction

Question 12

Where does synthesis of atp occur

Answer 12

In photophoshporylstion

Question 13

Usefulness of atp

Answer 13

Releases relatively small amount of energy
Little energy is lost as heat
It releases energy quickly
It can phosphorylate other compounds making them more reactive
It can be re synthesised
It does not leave cells

Question 14

phosphorylation by atp

Answer 14

-atp phosphorylation other molecules
-phosphorylation causes molecules to change shape
And become more reactive
-this allows atp to transfer energy

Question 15

Roles of atp

Answer 15

1)metabolic processes
2)movement for muscle contraction
3)active transport to change shape of carrier protein in plasma membrane
4)secretion to form lysosomes necessary for secretion
5)activation of molecules (inorganic phosphate released during the hydrolysis of atp can be used to phosphorylase other compounds to make them more reactive thud lower activation energy

Question 16

Atp is useful in many biological processes explain why

Answer 16

Atp releases energy in small manageable amounts - and immediate energy compound and is broken down in one step called hydrolysis. This energy can be used in processes such as active transport where the carrier protein shape is changed and jt phosphorylatied substances to make them more reactive and lowers the activation energy. **And it’s reformed **