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Dental Pathology > Salivary Gland Pathology > Flashcards

Salivary Gland Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Common lesion resulting from damage of the salivary duct, with extravasation (spillage) of mucin into the surrounding tissue, frequently due to local trauma

A

Mucocele (Mucus Extravasation Phenomenon)

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2
Q

Most on the LOWER LIP of children or young adults, fluctuant, dome shaped swelling with a translucent blue color, may wax and wane

A

Mucocele

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3
Q

variant of mucocele secondary to superficial location of the mucin, palate, retromolar pad, posterior buccal mucosa

A

superficial mucocele

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4
Q

variant of mucocele occuring in the floor of the mouth, usually from the sublingual gland, although some arise from the submandibular duct

A

ranula

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5
Q

translucent blue or normal colored, fluctuant swelling in the floor of the mouth, may cause elevation of the tongue

A

ranula

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6
Q

Variant of ranula- mucin penetrating the mylohyoid muscle, showing submandibular swelling or swelling of the neck

A

plugging ranula

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7
Q

epithelial-lined cavity filled with mucin, most probably arise secondary to ductal obstruction, which increases intraluminal pressure, probably represent ductal ectasia (dilation) rather than a true cyst

A

salivary duct cyst (mucus retention cyst; mucus duct cyst)

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8
Q

typically adults; major (parotid) or minor glands (floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, lips; fluctuant asymptomatic swelling

A

salivary duct cyst

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9
Q

cystic space lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium; may acquire papillary infoldings

A

salivary duct cyst

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10
Q

salivary duct calcifications of unknown etiology; arise secondary to deposition of calcium salts around a nidus of debris; unrelated to calcium-phosphorus metabolism

A

sialolithiasis

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11
Q

usually within the submandibular duct; episodic pain and/or swelling; may have palpable mass; minor gland involvement will often be asymptomatic; radiographic appearance- opaque mass

A

sialolithiasis

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12
Q

concentric laminations around an amorphous central nidus; inflammation of duct and adjacent glands; may see squamous, oncocytic, or mucous cell metaplasia

A

sialolithiasis

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13
Q

inflammation of salivary glands; infectious (viral, bacterial) or noninfectious (sjogren, sarcoidosis, radiation) etiology, “surgical mumps”- post abdominal surgery

A

sialadenitis

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14
Q

_ _ sialadenitis- typically involves the parotid, swollen, painful gland, purulent discharge

A

acute bacterial

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15
Q

_ sialadenitis- usually secondary to recurrent or persistent ductal obstruction (sialolith), episodic pain and swelling, usually at mealtime, submandibular involvement may include persistent enlargement (Kuttner tumor)

A

chronic

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16
Q

excessive salivation; associated with local irritation (dentures), medications, heavy metal poisoning, GI reflux disease; may also be seen in patients with poor neuromuscular control

A

sialorrhea

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17
Q

drooling, choking; may cause irritation or open sores of the surrounding skin

A

sialorrhea

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18
Q

subjective sensation of dry mouth; secondary to a number of systemic conditions; aging, smoking, or medications and treatments

A

xerostomia

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19
Q

systemic diseases associated w/ xerostomia

A

sjogren, diabetes, sarcoidosis, HIV

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20
Q

The following medications are associated with _: antihistamines (diphenhydramine), decongestants (pseudoephedrine), antidepressants (amitriptyline), antipsychotics, antihypertensives, anticholinergics (atropine, scopolamine)

A

xerostomia

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21
Q

F>M, elderly; thick, foamy saliva; dry mucosa, with atrophy and fissuring; increased incidence of candidiasis infection

A

xerostomia

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22
Q

_-related caries: caries of the root surface or cervical area secondary to lack of salivary protection

A

xerostomia

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23
Q

intense lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands; most are associated with Sjogren

A

Benign lymphoepithelial lesion

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24
Q

benign lymphoepithelial lesion by itself

A

Mikulicz’s disease

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25
Q

benign lymphoepithelial lesion in combination with another disease such as sjogren’s syndrome

A

Mikulicz’s syndrome

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26
Q

typically bilateral; F>M, average age 50; usually an asymptomatic, diffuse swelling of the parotid gland; epimyoepithelial islands

A

benign lymphoepithelial lesion

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27
Q

surgical removal of the involved gland; good prognosis, although an increased risk of developing lymphoma; MALT lymphoma

A

benign lymphoepithelial lesion

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28
Q

autoimmune disorder affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands

A

sjogren syndrome

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29
Q

_ sjogren syndrome- sjogren along

A

primary

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30
Q

_ sjogren syndrome- sjogren along with another autoimmune disorder (SLE, rheumatoid arthritis)

A

secondary

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31
Q

unknown etiology, although an association with certain histocompatibility antigens (HLA-DRw52, HLA-B8, HLA-DR3) has been found

A

Sjogren

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32
Q

F»M, Sicca syndrome

A

sjogren

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33
Q

xerostomia and xeropthalmia

A

sicca syndrome

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34
Q

sialographic appearance- “Fruit-laden, branchless tree”

A

Sjogren

35
Q

Anti-SS-A (anti-Ro), Anti-SS-B (anti-La)

A

Sjogren

36
Q

Major glands show benign lymphoepithelial lesion; labial salivary gland biopsy shows focal aggregates or lymphocytes

A

Sjogren

37
Q

40-fold increase in development of lymphoma (non-Hodgkin’s B-cell)

A

Sjogren

38
Q

Noninflammatory salivary gland enlargement, usually associated with an underlying systemic disorder; conditions associated include diabetes, alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, malnutrition; these conditions result in dysregulation of the autonomic innervation of the salivary acini

A

sialodenosis

39
Q

typically bilateral involvement of the parotid glands; slowly progressing painless or painful swelling of the involved gland

A

sialadenosis

40
Q

may see a decrease in salivation; sialographic presentation- Leafless tree

A

sialadenosis

41
Q

Prominent zymogen granules

A

sialadenosis

42
Q

_ associated with alcoholism or diabetes may show atrophy and fatty infiltrate

A

sialadenosis

43
Q

localized swelling (hyperplasia) of minor salivary glands; unknown pathogenesis; significance lies in the resemblance to neoplasia

A

adenomatoid hyperplasia

44
Q

soft or firm swelling of the soft or hard palate; 4th-6th decade; asymptomatic

A

adenomatoid hyperplasia

45
Q

Hyperplastic aggregates of normal salivary gland tissue

A

adenomatoid hyperplasia

46
Q

Locally destructive inflammatory process of unknown etiology; possibly due to local ischemia; may be associated with previous surgery, adjacent tumors, dental infections, trauma

A

necrotizing sialometaplasia

47
Q

M>F, average age 46, most involve the palatal salivary glands; Unilateral>bilateral

A

necrotizing sialometaplasia

48
Q

initial painful swelling; 2-3 weeks, necrotic tissue sloughs, leaving a crater-like ulcer; may resemble a malignant process

A

necrotizing sialometaplasia

49
Q

Squamous metaplasia of the salivary ducts (often misdiagnosed); pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying epithelium; process may mimic malignancy

A

necrotizing sialometaplasia

50
Q

Resolves within 5-6 weeks

A

necrotizing sialometaplasia

51
Q

Most salivary gland tumors (up to 2/3) involve the _ gland

A

parotid

52
Q

Most salivary gland tumors (up to 3/4) are benign or malignant?

A

benign

53
Q

_ gland- 8-11% of tumors, with up to 45% malignant

A

submandibular

54
Q

_ gland- rare site for tumors but most (up to 90%) are malignant

A

sublingual

55
Q

Second most common site for tumors is the _ _ glands, with almost 50% malignant

A

minor salivary

56
Q

the most common of all salivary gland tumors; tumor arises from a mixture of ductal epithelium and myoepithelial elements; the term pleomorphic refers to the variety of patterns that may be seen

A

pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor)

57
Q

F>M, mostly in young adults; slowly growing, rubbery firm mass; parotid tumors usually located within the superficial lobe; palate is the most common site for minor salivary tumors, followed by upper lip

A

pleomorphic adenoma

58
Q

myoepithelial component and stroma is highly variable; tumors may be composed almost entirely of myoepithelial cells

A

pleomorphic adenoma

59
Q

as many as _% of pleomorphic adenomas may undergo malignant transformation (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma)

A

5%

60
Q

second most common benign tumor of the parotid; uncertain pathogenesis; strongly associated with history of smoking

A

Warthin’s tumor (papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)

61
Q

M>F, older adults, slow growing mass (firm or fluctuant) involving the tail of the parotid; 5-14% bilateral

A

warthin’s tumor

62
Q

cystic spaces surrounded by a double row of oncocytes; prominent lymphoid stroma

A

warthin’s

63
Q

original terminology for benign salivary tumors of one cell type; archaic term

A

monomorphic adenoma

64
Q

tumor of minor salivary glands, primarily those of the upper lip; older adults; F>M; slow growing, firm to fluctuant mass

A

canalicular adenoma

65
Q

often encapsulated; columnar or cuboidal cells arranged in cords or parallel rows

A

canalicular adenoma

66
Q

common malignant salivary tumor of mucous and squamous differentiation; highly variable biologic bahavior

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

67
Q

the most common malignant salivary gland tumor (children as well); F>M; parotid and minor glands of the palate most common sites

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

68
Q

typically an asymptomatic swelling; intraosseous tumors sometimes occur; mixture of mucous and squamous cells in variable ratios

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

69
Q

central tumor, possibly arising from entrapped ectopic salivary gland tissue or odontogenic epithelium; the most common intraosseous salivary gland tumor; histologically identical to soft tissue tumor

A

intraosseous (central) mucoepidermoid carcinoma

70
Q

F>M, middle-aged adults; mandible>maxilla; swelling, pain, paresthesia; unilocular or multilocular radiolucency

A

intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma

71
Q

salivary gland malignancy of serous acinar differentiation; typically considered a low-grade malignancy

A

acinic cell adenocarcinoma

72
Q

F>M, average age 45; most commonly involves the parotid gland or minor glands of the buccal mucosa; typically asymptomatic

A

acinic cell adenocarcinoma

73
Q

malignant counterpart to pleomorphic adenoma

A

malignant mixed tumor

74
Q

pleomorphic adenoma that undergoes malignant transformation; F>M, older adults; most involve the major glands, primarily the parotid; present for years with recent increase in size and/or symptoms

A

carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

75
Q

rare tumor, featuring malignant epithelial and stromal components

A

carcinosarcoma

76
Q

histologically benign pleomorphic adenoma that has metastasized to distant location

A

metastasizing mixed tumor

77
Q

tumor showing residual benign tumor and areas featuring malignant characteristics of the epithelial component

A

carcinoma ex PA

78
Q

carcinomatous and sarcomatous areas

A

carcinosarcoma

79
Q

common and well recognized salivary gland malignancy; relentless tumor requiring long-term follow-up; F>M, middle aged adults; majority involve the minor salivary glands of the palate; typically painful

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma

80
Q

may cause ulceration of the overlying mucosa; may erode adjacent bone

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma

81
Q

recently recognized tumor (1983); currently seen as one of the more common salivary gland tumors

A

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinom

82
Q

F>M, older adults; most involve the minor salivary glands of the palate; usually painless mass of long duration

A

polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma

83
Q

deceptively uniform cells with round or ovoid nuclei and abundant cytoplasm; “Indian filling”

A

polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma

Dental Pathology (22 decks)

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