Male Gentials Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal urethral opening

A

hypo- and epispadias

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2
Q

the orifice is on the ventral surface of the penis

A

hypospadias

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3
Q

the orifice is on the dorsal surface of the penis

A

epispadias

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4
Q

congenital anomaly of penis: orifice of prepuce is too small to permit normal retraction; most often result of repeated infections causing scarring of preputial ring

A

phimosis

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5
Q

congential anomaly of penis: when a stenotic prepuce is forcibly retracted over the glans penis, compromising circulation

A

paraphimosis

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6
Q

inflammation of the glands and prepuce; caused by a wide variety of organisms; poor local hygiene in uncircumcised men (smegma acts as local irritant); distal penis is red, swollen, tender

A

balanitis (non specific)

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7
Q

benign penile tumor caused by HPV types 6 and 11; papillary pattern and koilocytes

A

condyloma acuminatum

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8
Q

Bowen’s disease; strong association with HPV 16; gray white thicken plaque with ulceration and crusting

A

squamous cell carcinoma in-situ

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9
Q

HPV 16 and 18 association; uncommon in US; circumcision confers some protection

A

invasive squamous cell carcinoma

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10
Q

failure of descent of testes into scrotum; in about 1% of 1 yr old boys; may result in infertility; increased risk of cancer; the testis is exposed to trauma

A

cryptorchidism

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11
Q

inflammation in which epididymis is bigger than testes is often related to UTI caused by which organisms in sexually active males

A

chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae

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12
Q

accumulation of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis with scrotal enlargement

A

hydrocele

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13
Q

twisting of the spermatic cord cuts off the venous drainage of the testis; a urologic emergency; sudden onset of severe testicular pain; results from increased testicular mobility

A

testicular torsion

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14
Q

presents a painless testicular enlargement; 95% are germ cell tumors

A

testicular tumors

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15
Q

germ cell precursor: gonadal differentiation (40-50 Y)

A

seminoma

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16
Q

germ cell precursor: totipotential differentiation (nonseminoma) (20-30 Y)

A

embryonal ca (undifferentiated)

17
Q

embryonal ca: trophoblastic differentiation (20-30 Y) hCG+

A

choriocarcinoma

18
Q

embryonal ca: yolk sac differentiation (less than 3 Y) AFP+

A

yolk sac tumor

19
Q

embryonal ca: somatic differentiation (20-30 Y)

A

teratoma

20
Q

most common germ cell tumor; bulky mass; lobulated; homogenous; no hemorrhage or necrosis

A

seminoma

21
Q

more aggressive tumors; smaller than seminoma; poorly demarcated with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis

A

embryonal carcinoma

22
Q

most common testicular tumor of infancy; non-encapsulated, homogenous, yellow-white mucinous appearance; produce alpha-feto protein

A

yolk sac tumor

23
Q

highly malignant tumor composed of cytotrophoblastic and syncytiotrophoblastic cells; rare; usually small; hemorrhage and necrosis common; tumor cells are hCG positive

A

choriocarcinoma

24
Q

components of more than one germ layer: mesodermal, ectodermal, endodermal derivatives; any age; large, cystic and cartilagenous tumors

A

teratoma

25
Q

prostatitis with no history of recurrent UTI

A

chronic abacterial prostatitis

26
Q

extremely common in men over 50; stromal and epithelial hyperplasia creating discrete nodules usually in the periurethral region; can compress urethra; related to action of androgens

A

nodular hyperplasia (benign prostatic hyperplasia)

27
Q

frequency, nocturia, difficulty starting and stopping urination; predisposes to bladder infections; common cause of prostate specific antigen, therapy: 5alpha reductase inhibitors and surgery

A

nodular hyperplasia (benign prostatic hyperplasia)

28
Q

most common cancer in men; 70% arise in posterior portion of peripheral zone of gland; osteoblastic vertebral lesions are pathognomonic

A

prostatic adenocarcinoma

29
Q

small glands lined by single layer of cells (loss of basal layer); high-grade PIN is precursor lesion

A

prostatic adenocarcinoma