Male Gentials

Question 1

abnormal urethral opening

Answer 1

hypo- and epispadias

Question 2

the orifice is on the ventral surface of the penis

Answer 2

hypospadias

Question 3

the orifice is on the dorsal surface of the penis

Answer 3

epispadias

Question 4

congenital anomaly of penis: orifice of prepuce is too small to permit normal retraction; most often result of repeated infections causing scarring of preputial ring

Answer 4

phimosis

Question 5

congential anomaly of penis: when a stenotic prepuce is forcibly retracted over the glans penis, compromising circulation

Answer 5

paraphimosis

Question 6

inflammation of the glands and prepuce; caused by a wide variety of organisms; poor local hygiene in uncircumcised men (smegma acts as local irritant); distal penis is red, swollen, tender

Answer 6

balanitis (non specific)

Question 7

benign penile tumor caused by HPV types 6 and 11; papillary pattern and koilocytes

Answer 7

condyloma acuminatum

Question 8

Bowen’s disease; strong association with HPV 16; gray white thicken plaque with ulceration and crusting

Answer 8

squamous cell carcinoma in-situ

Question 9

HPV 16 and 18 association; uncommon in US; circumcision confers some protection

Answer 9

invasive squamous cell carcinoma

Question 10

failure of descent of testes into scrotum; in about 1% of 1 yr old boys; may result in infertility; increased risk of cancer; the testis is exposed to trauma

Answer 10

cryptorchidism

Question 11

inflammation in which epididymis is bigger than testes is often related to UTI caused by which organisms in sexually active males

Answer 11

chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 12

accumulation of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis with scrotal enlargement

Answer 12

hydrocele

Question 13

twisting of the spermatic cord cuts off the venous drainage of the testis; a urologic emergency; sudden onset of severe testicular pain; results from increased testicular mobility

Answer 13

testicular torsion

Question 14

presents a painless testicular enlargement; 95% are germ cell tumors

Answer 14

testicular tumors

Question 15

germ cell precursor: gonadal differentiation (40-50 Y)

Answer 15

seminoma

Question 16

germ cell precursor: totipotential differentiation (nonseminoma) (20-30 Y)

Answer 16

embryonal ca (undifferentiated)

Question 17

embryonal ca: trophoblastic differentiation (20-30 Y) hCG+

Answer 17

choriocarcinoma

Question 18

embryonal ca: yolk sac differentiation (less than 3 Y) AFP+

Answer 18

yolk sac tumor

Question 19

embryonal ca: somatic differentiation (20-30 Y)

Answer 19

teratoma

Question 20

most common germ cell tumor; bulky mass; lobulated; homogenous; no hemorrhage or necrosis

Answer 20

seminoma

Question 21

more aggressive tumors; smaller than seminoma; poorly demarcated with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis

Answer 21

embryonal carcinoma

Question 22

most common testicular tumor of infancy; non-encapsulated, homogenous, yellow-white mucinous appearance; produce alpha-feto protein

Answer 22

yolk sac tumor

Question 23

highly malignant tumor composed of cytotrophoblastic and syncytiotrophoblastic cells; rare; usually small; hemorrhage and necrosis common; tumor cells are hCG positive

Answer 23

choriocarcinoma

Question 24

components of more than one germ layer: mesodermal, ectodermal, endodermal derivatives; any age; large, cystic and cartilagenous tumors

Answer 24

teratoma

Question 25

prostatitis with no history of recurrent UTI

Answer 25

chronic abacterial prostatitis

Question 26

extremely common in men over 50; stromal and epithelial hyperplasia creating discrete nodules usually in the periurethral region; can compress urethra; related to action of androgens

Answer 26

nodular hyperplasia (benign prostatic hyperplasia)

Question 27

frequency, nocturia, difficulty starting and stopping urination; predisposes to bladder infections; common cause of prostate specific antigen, therapy: 5alpha reductase inhibitors and surgery

Answer 27

nodular hyperplasia (benign prostatic hyperplasia)

Question 28

most common cancer in men; 70% arise in posterior portion of peripheral zone of gland; osteoblastic vertebral lesions are pathognomonic

Answer 28

prostatic adenocarcinoma

Question 29

small glands lined by single layer of cells (loss of basal layer); high-grade PIN is precursor lesion

Answer 29

prostatic adenocarcinoma