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Dental Pathology > Hematologic > Flashcards

Hematologic Flashcards

1
Q

proliferation of normal lymphoid tissue in response to antigenic challenge; clinical- lymph node enlargement; may involve nodes (commonly the anterior cervical chain), Waldeyer’s ring

A

lymphoid hyperplasia

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2
Q

bleeding disorder secondary to a genetic deficiency of clotting factors

A

hemophilia

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3
Q

Hemophilia _: deficiency of factor VIII

A

A

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4
Q

Hemophilia _: deficiency of factor IX

A

B (Christmas disease)

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5
Q

deficiency of von Willibrand’s factor

A

von Willbrand’s disease

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6
Q

x-linked; severity depends upon the extent of the deficiency; increased PTT

A

hemophilia A

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7
Q

pseudotumor of _; hemarthrosis; increased bleeding from many dental procedures

A

hemophilia

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8
Q

general term, indicating a decrease in red blood cell volume (hematocrit) or concentration of hemoglobin; usually an indication of underlying systemic disease; conditions include vitamin deficiencies, liver disease, malignancies (myelophthisic _)

A

anemia

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9
Q

fatigue, headache, lightheadednes; may see pallor of the mucous membranes

A

anemia

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10
Q

genetic disorder of hemoglobin synthesis; thymine is substituted for adenine; deoxygenated hemoglobin subject to molecular aggregation and polymerization

A

Sickle cell anemia

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11
Q

Codominant gene; abnormal gene confers a resistance to malaria; frequently affects patients in Africa, Mediterranean basin, and Asia; 8% African Americans carry the trait

A

Sickle cell anemia

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12
Q

reduced blood flow to organs and tissues; susceptibility to infections secondary to spleen destruction; reduced trabeculae pattern; “hair on end” skull radiograph

A

Sickle cell

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13
Q

Inherited disorder of hemoglobin synthesis; similar to sickle cell anemia, carriers of the trait are resistant to the malarial organism; Mediterranean, African, Indian and Southwest Asians are more often affected; Hair on end radiograph; bone marrow hyperplasia

A

Thalassemia

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14
Q

hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy; tissue hypoxia; bacterial infections; high-output cardiac failure

A

thalassemia

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15
Q

Complete failure of hematopoietic precursor (stem) cells to differentiate into all elements of the circulation; most cases appear to be an immune-mediated disease caused by cytotoxic T lymphocytes; unknown etiology, but environmental toxins, viruses, and drugs have been impicated

A

aplastic anemia

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16
Q

fatigue, lightheadedness (secondary to erythrocyte deficiency); bleeding disorders (secondary to thombocytopenia)

A

aplastic anemia

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17
Q

Infections (secondary to leukocytic deficiency); Oral: -hemorrhage, petechiae, pallor, ulcerations, gingival hyperplasia

A

aplastic anemia

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18
Q

Aplastic anemia: recurrence is common and patient are at increased risk of developing _ _

A

acute leukemia

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19
Q

Decreased numbers of circulating neutrophils; genetic (infants) or acquired (older children and adults), secondary to numerous infectious, neoplasia, or chemotherapeutic agents

A

neutropenia

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20
Q

increased susceptibility to bacterial infections (ear, oral cavity, later pulmonary); oral lesions: gingival ulcerations

A

neutropenia

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21
Q

decrease or absence of cells of granulocytic derivation, particularly neutrophils; decreased production or increased destruction secondary to certain drugs or some syndromes; may be idiopathic

A

agranulocytosis

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22
Q

bacterial infections and their associated symptoms; oral lesions: punched-out ulcerations, NUG

A

agranulocytosis

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23
Q

idiopathic, periodic reductions in neutrophils; isolated or autosomal dominant; symptoms are associated with the neutrophil count

A

cyclic neutropenia

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24
Q

childhood onset; low neutrophil counts (3-6 days) correspond to infections and their associated symptoms; cycles are approximately 21 days; oral and other GI ulcerations; periodontal bone loss and gingival recession; “floating in air” radiographic appearance

A

cyclic neutropenia

25
Q

decrease in the number of platelets; secondary to reduced production, increased destruction or sequestration in the spleen (during splenomegaly); systemic diseases such as lupus or HIV also may be characterized by thrombocytopenia

A

thrombocytopenia

26
Q

_ thrombocytopenic purpura- occurs in childhood after nonspecific viral infection

A

idiopathic

27
Q

_ thrombocytopenic purpura- coagulation disorder, resulting in numerous thrombi within small blood vessels

A

thrombotic

28
Q

submucosal/cutaneous hemorrhage; epistaxis; hemoptysis; GI or urinary bleeding; petechia, ecchymosis, hematoma; spontaneous gingival hemorrhage

A

thrombocytopenia

29
Q

thrombocytopenia: biopsy specimens will show _ deposition within blood vessels

A

fibrin

30
Q

idiopathic increase in red blood cell mass, usually concurrently with uncontrolled platelet and granulocyte production; probably secondary to the behavior of an abnormal progenitor stem cell

A

polycythemia vera

31
Q

older adults; nonspecific early symptoms; thrombus formation; hypertension, splenomegaly; ruddy complexion; erythromelalgia; excess hemorrhage (gingival, epistaxis, ecchymosis)

A

polycythemia vera

32
Q

heterogeneous group of malignancies of hematopoietic stem cell derivation; probably due to genetic and environmental factors (pesticides, benzene, ionizing radiation, viruses); Philadelphia chromosome

A

leukemia

33
Q

Most common from of leukemia, elderly adults

A

CLL

34
Q

Form of leukemia associated with children

A

ALL

35
Q

symptoms related to reduction of normal red and white blood cells (infections, bleeding, fatigue, oral ulceration); hepatosplenomegaly; lymphadenopathy

A

leukemia

36
Q

Occasional infiltration of oral soft tissue with _ cells; granulocytic sarcoma/chloroma

A

leukemic

37
Q

poorly understood malignancy; lesional cell (Reed-Sternberg cell) makes up only 1-3% of cells

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

38
Q

M>F; almost uniformly begins in lymph nodes, especially the cervical and supraclavicular; fever, night sweats, pruritis

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

39
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma histo: Reed Sternberg cells (look like kernels of popcorn

A

nodular lymphocyte predominant

40
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma histo: large nuclei form; 5 subtypes

A

Classical Hodgkins lymphoma

41
Q

heterogeneous group of lymphoreticular malignancies; usually arise in lymph nodes; grow as solid masses; more common in the immunocompromised

A

non-hodgkins

42
Q

primarily adults; nodal and extranodal (oral); slowly growing mass; oral lesions; extranodal, “boggy” swelling, usually normal or purplish in color; may occur in bone

A

non hodgkins lymphoma

43
Q

Lymphoma: _-grade lesions tend to be characterized by a follicular arrangement

A

low

44
Q

Lymphoma: _-grade lesions will be more diffuse

A

higher

45
Q

high-grade, undifferentiated lymphoma of B-lymphocyte origin; American (sporadic) and African (endemic) variants; thought to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus (African)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

46
Q

_ variant of Burkitts: children; more likely to affect the jaws (50-79%), especially the maxilla; swelling, tooth mobility or premature exfoliation; pain and paresthesia typically minimal

A

African

47
Q

_ variant of Burkitt’s: wider age range; typically presents as an abdominal mass; radiographic: early loss of lamina dura; patchy, ill-defined radiolucency

A

American

48
Q

small, non-cleaved cells with scattered macrophages; “starry sky” classic pattern

A

burkitt’s lymphoma

49
Q

uncommon malignancy of plasma cell origin; monoclonal proliferation results in production of abnormal, nonfunctional immunoglobulin (monoclonal gammopathy, M-protein)

A

Multiple myeloma

50
Q

older men; blacks>whites; bone pain, pathologic fracture; petechiae; fever; radiographic: multiple punched out radiolucencies

A

multiple myeloma

51
Q

Bence Jones protein: excess light chain proteins presents in serum and urine; amyloid: deposition of Bence Jones protein

A

multiple myeloma

52
Q

monoclonal sheets of malignant plasma cells; amyloid: congo red positive stain

A

multiple myeloma

53
Q

solitary, monoclonal lesion of plasma cells; may progress to multiple myeloma; adult males; 55 years; most occur in bone (extramedullary if outside bone); well-defined, solitary radiolucency

A

plasmacytoma

54
Q

aggressive, destructive process of T lymphocytes; diagnosis is usually made after tertiary syphilis and Wegener’s granulomatosa have been ruled out

A

Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma Nasal Type

55
Q

adults; nasal stuffiness, epistaxis; deep necrotic ulcerations; may progress to palatal perforation; angiocentric arrangement of atypical inflammatory cells; necrosis

A

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma

56
Q

neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells (dendritic mononuclear cells normally found in the epidermis, mucosa, lymph node, and bone marrow)

A

Langerhans Cell Histocytosis

57
Q

Form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: acute, disseminated

A

letterer-siwe disease

58
Q

form of langerhans cell: chronic, disseminated

A

hand-schuller-christian disease

59
Q

M=F; less than 15 years old; solitary or multiple bone lesions; “floating in air” radiograph; dull pain and tenderness often accompany bone lesions; ulcerative or proliferative gingival masses may also be seen; birbeck granules

A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Dental Pathology (22 decks)

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