Blood Vessels Flashcards
De novo formation of blood vessels during embryogenesis?
vasculogenesis
the process of new vessel formation in the mature organism; neovascularization?
angiogenesis
remodeling of existing arteries in response to chronic changes in pressure or flow?
arteriogenesis
smooth muscle cells that are not contractile but able to divide?
neointimal
a clinically significant hypertension?
> 139/>89
accelerated or malignant hypertension?
> 200/120
“hardening of the arteries” and loss of elasticity?
arteriosclerosis
a form of arteriosclerosis and an example of dystrophic calcification; affects medium muscular arteries of arms and legs?
Monkeberg’s medial calcific sclerosis
characterized by intimal lesions called atheromas protruding into vessel lumens?
atherosclerosis
an acute phase reactant, downstream of a number of inflammatory triggers; induces a prothrombotic state; strongly predicts risk of MI or stroke?
C reactive protein
the major mechanism of atherogenesis?
hemodynamic disturbances, lipids, inflammation, infection
a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel or the heart?
aneurysm
aneurysm involving an intact attenuated arterial wall or thinned ventricular wall of the heart?
true aneurysm
defect in the vascular wall leading to an extravascular hematoma freely communicating with intravascular space?
false aneurysm
2 most important disorders predisposing to aortic aneurysms?
atherosclerosis and hypertension
aneurysms in the circle of willis?
berry aneuryms
the major risk factor of aortic dissection?
hypertension
the most common form of vasculitis in old people in US/Europe; chronic, granulomatous inflammation of large to small sized arteries predominately in head (nodular intimal thickening)?
giant cell (temporal) arteritis
tongue necrosis?
giant cell arteritis
a systemic vasculitis of small or medium sized muscular arteries; 30% associated with chronic Hep B?
polyarteritis nodasa
segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation?
PAD
a necrotizing vasculitis; t cell mediated hypersensitivity rxn; PR3 ANCAs in up to 95% of cases?
wegener granulomatosis
strawberry gingivitis; palatal ulcers and perforation?
wegener granulomatosis
segmental, thrombosing, acute and chronic inflammation of medium and small arteries; radial and tibial arteries; almost exclusively in heavy smokers?
thromboangiitis obliterans (buerger disease)
exaggerated vasocontriction of digital arteries and arterioles?
Raynaud phenomenom
abnormally dilated, tortuous veins?
varicose veins
pain elicited by forced dorsiflexion of the foot as a sign of thrombophlebitis?
Homan sign
development conditions?
vascular ectasia (nevus flammeus); enchephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (sturge weber syndrome); vascular malformation
reactive vascular proliferation?
pyogenic granuloma
benign neoplasms?
hemangioma; lymphangioma
malignant neoplasms?
angiosarcoma; kaposi sarcoma
a generic term for any local dilation of a structure?
estasia
a permanent dilation of pre-existing small vessels forming a red lesion, usually in the skin or mucous membrane?
telangiectasia
the most common form of vascular estasia, as a flat lesion on the head or neck?
nevus flammeous
facial port vein nevi; ipsilateral venous angioma in the cortical leptomeninges; mental retardation, seizure, hemiplegia?
sturge weber syndrome; enchephalotrigeminal angiomatosis
leptomeningeal vascular malformation; atrophy and calcification of brain?
sturge weber syndrome; enchephalotrigeminal angiomatosis
uncommon errors of vascular mophogenesis; not a neoplasm?
vascular malformations
is vascular malformation present at birth?
yes
is hemangioma present at birth?
not always
does vascular malformation exhibit rapid increase in size?
no
does hemangioma exhibit rapid increase in size?
yes
does vascular malfomation exhibit involution?
no
does hemangioma exhibit involution?
yes
a common, fast growing lesion of the skin and mucous membranes; focal reactive growth of fibrovascular or granulation tissue w/ extensive endothelial cell proliferation?
pyogenic granuloma
most common soft tissue tumors of infancy?
hemangioma
cavernous lymphangioma?
cystic hygroma
polyvinyl chloride: a carcinogen associated with…
angiosarcoma
an endothelial marker of angiosarcoma?
CD31
a vascular neoplasm associated with human herpesvirus 8; high association with AIDS?
kaposi sarcoma
most common locations in mouth of AIDS associated type kaposi sarcoma?
palate and gingiva
