Head and Neck Flashcards
most common ulcer of the mouth; 20% of population; recurrent; painful
recurrent aphthous ulcers (canker sore)
acute gingivostomatitis
HSV primary infection
best recognized form of candidal infection; adherent white plaque; caused by broad spectrum antibiotics/immunosuppression; mild burning sensation/unpleasant taste
acute pseudomembranous candidiasis
red, macule, burning sensation, tongue as the most common site, diffuse atrophy of dorsal tongue papillae; maybe caused by broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy
erythematous candidiasis
erythematous candidiasis; referred to as “median rhomboid glossitis” in the past; well-defined area of redness, mid-posterior dorsal tongue; asymptomatic
central papillary atrophy
least common from of candidiasis; anterior buccal mucosa; resemble leukoplakia; complete resolution of the lesion after antifungal therapy
chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
red, fissured lesions of corners of mouth; loss of vertical dimension as one of predisposing factors; usually related to candidiasis but other bacterial microflora may be admixed
angular cheilitis
a benign reactive lesion rather than neoplastic origin; focal fibrous hyperplasia; occurs anywhere that persistant chronic tissue irritation occurs
irritation fibroma
a common, fast growing, reactive lesion; surface ulcerated; bleeds easily; 75% of cases in gingiva
oral pyogenic granuloma
a white patch or plaque that cannot be scrapped off and cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease; premalignant lesion (most common of oral cavity)
leukoplakia
a white lesion induced by chronic mechanical irritation; essentially a “callous”
frictional keratosis
a frictional keratosis induced by chewing habit
morsicatio buccarum
keratotic change of the palatal mucosa in heavy smokers
nicotine stomatitis
necrotic epithelium can be peeled away in contrast to frictional keratosis
chemical burn
a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease; white, keratotic lesions; “Wickham” striae;
Lichen Planus
can affect any site, but worrisome sites are tongue, floor of the mouth, and soft palate; homogenous white or speckled appearance
oral leukoplakia
important predisposing factors to leukoplakia
tobacco; alcohol; immunosuppression; HPV
red patch that cannot be clinically or pathologically diagnosed as any other condition; greater presence of dysplasia than leukoplakia
erythroplakia
well-demarcated velvety, red plaque; floor of mouth, tongue, and soft palate as most common sites; 90% will show dysplasia; epithelial atrophy with lack of keratin production
erythroplakia
6th most common cancer worldwide; more than 95% of all oral malignancies
oral squamous cell carcinoma
leukoplakic, erythroplakic, ulcerated, exophytic, endophytic
OSCC
a low grade malignant epithelial tumor; characterized by a thick, wart-like surface texture; most common in smokeless tobacco users
verrucous carcinoma
papillary surface architecture; parakeratin clefting; broad, pushing rete ridges; minimal atypia
verrucous carcinoma
a pathologic cavity lined by epithelium
cyst
cyst with no epithelial lining
pseudocyst
a cyst located above the thyroid gland and beneath the base of the tongue derived from remnants of the embryonic thyroglossal tract; most common developmental cyst in the neck; in midline of neck
thyroglossal duct cyst
on the lateral aspect of neck; developmental cyst; derived from epithelium entrapped within lymphoid tissue of the neck during embryologic development of the 2nd branchial cleft
cervical lymphoepithelial cyst (branchial cyst)
a tumor with paraganglia cell differentiation; cluster of neuroendocrine cells associated with SNS and PNS; most common location is adrenal medulla; greater in people living at high altitudes
paraganglioma (carotid body tumor)
nests (zellballen) of round to oval chief cells surrounded by delicate vascular septae
paraganglioma
a subjective sensation of a dry mouth
xerostomia
inflammation of the salivary glands
sialadenitis
most common viral sialadentitis
mumps
most common bacterial cause of sialadentitis
S. aureus
mucus spillage into the soft tissues due to rupture of a minor salivary gland duct; caused by local trauma; fluid filled lesion that is often blue or translucent; lower lip is the most common location
mucous extravasation phenomenon (mucocele)
a mucocele in the floor of the mouth
ranula
calcified structure, develop within the salivary ductal system; most common location is submandibular gland
sialothiasis (salivary stones)
most common site of salivary gland tumors
parotid gland
most common sites for minor salivary gland tumors in order
palate
upper lip
buccal mucosa
benign salivary gland tumors
pleomorphic adenoma and warthin tumor (papillary cystadenoma lymphamatosum)
most common salivary neoplasm; painless, slow growing firm mass
pleomorphic adenoma
mixture of ductal and myoepithelial elements; well circumscribed, encapsulated; ducts and cystic structures; myxoid, hyalinized, focal areas of fat, chondroid, and osteoid
pleomorphic adenoma
2nd most common benign parotid tumor; almost exclusively in parotid; strong association with smoking
warthin tumor
malignant salivary gland tumors may be associated with …, … or …
paresthesia, tumor fixation or ulceration
most common malignant salivary neoplasm in adults and children; parotid, most common site; symptomatic swelling; mixture of mucus-producing, epidermoid, and intermediate cells; cyst formation
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
50% in minor salivary glands; pain as a common and important factor; bone destruction may be evident
adenoid cystic carcinoma
3 major patterns of adenoid cystic carcinoma
cribriform, tubular and solid
