SA GI Task Review Seminar

Question 1

List 6 intrinsic risk factors for GDV

Answer 1

Breed
Body shape
Age, BCS, gender
Relative with a history of GDV
Anxious temperament
Gastric motility disorders

Question 2

List 4 extrinsic risk factors for GDV

Answer 2

Diet
Eating rapidly
Exercise
Time of year

Question 3

Define dilation

Answer 3

the act of stretching a cavity or orifice

Question 4

What is dilatation?

Answer 4

Something that is stretched beyond its normal dimensions.

Question 5

Define volvulus

Answer 5

Abnormal twisting causing an obstruction

Question 6

Where does ischaemic necrosis first occur in a GDV?

Answer 6

Gastric fundus (spreads to gastric cardia with time)

Question 7

What does of a fluid bolus should you give to a dog with moderate compromise due to a GDV?

Answer 7

20-25ml/kg over 15 mins

Question 8

Why will gastric decompression help with cardiovascular stabilisation?

Answer 8

Remove obstructive component of shock.

Question 9

What are two methods of gastric decompression?

Answer 9

Oro-gastric
Percutaenous (trocarisation)

Question 10

What are the three compenents of GDV surgery that are vital for success?

Answer 10

Gastric decompression and respositioning
Assessment of viability of abdominal organs and resection of devitalised tissue
Performs gastropexy

Question 11

How often should you check the bloods of a patient with GDV?

Answer 11

30-60 minutes

Question 12

Which incision should you make for gastric deompression and repositioning?

Answer 12

Ventral

Question 13

How much time should you leave after repositioning to allow for assessment of gastric viability?

Answer 13

5-10 minutes

Question 14

What percentage of dogs with GDV, also get a splenic torsion?

Answer 14

15.7-21%

Question 15

What procedure should be performed in all GDV surgery and list three preferred techniques.

Answer 15

Gastropexy - incisional, belt loop, tube

Question 16

What percentage fo dogs experience cardiac arrhythmias after GDV surgery?

Answer 16

40-50%

Question 17

List the name of three drugs you can use to correct abnormal gastric motility.

Answer 17

Metaclopramide
Omeprazole
Cisapride

Question 18

Which disease in humans is similar to megacolon in cats?

Answer 18

Hirschprung disease

Question 19

What is the most common cause of megacolon?

Answer 19

Idiopathic (62%)

Question 20

What are the three most common breeds to get feline megacolon?

Answer 20

DSH, DLH and Siamese

Question 21

List two laxatives you can give to cats with megacolon?

Answer 21

Lactulose
Polyethylene glycol

Question 22

List two colonic prokinestics and state which one is more effective on the colon and why.

Answer 22

Cisapride and Metoclopramide
Cisapride more effected as it stimulates contraction of both longitudinal and circular smooth muscle

Question 23

List three situations in which feline megacolon indicates surgery.

Answer 23

Chronic constipation not responsive to medical therapy - irreversible
Constipation secondary to chronic, healed pelvic fractures
Constipation associated with perineal herniation

Question 24

What peri-operative antibiotic would be best for a cat about to have surgery for megacolon?

Answer 24

Potentiated Amoxycillin

Question 25

What does a total colectomy involve?

Answer 25

Removal of the whole colon including the ileocolic junction

Question 26

List four complications of colopexy surgery

Answer 26

Breakdown at site of anastamosis > peritonitis
Post-operative diarrhoea
Ongoing constipation
Stricture