GIT Pathology 3

Question 1

List two causes of primary gastric dilation in horses.

Answer 1

Overconsumpation of fermentable feeds, expansile or indigestable foods.
Ingestion of large quantities of water

Question 2

List three causes of secondary gastric dilation in horses

Answer 2

Gastrointestinal obstruction
Ileus
Dysautonomia - ‘grass sickness’

Question 3

List four secondary causes of stomach dilation in dogs

Answer 3

Obstruction
Gastric ulceration
Gastric lymphomas
Uraemia

Question 4

List six resultant effects of GDV.

Answer 4

Gastric infarction
Reduced venous return and circulatory shock
Respiratory compromise
Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances
Cardiac arrhythmias
Death

Question 5

List four causes of gastric obstruction

Answer 5

Displacements and volvulus
Foreign bodies
Impaction
Pyloric stenosis

Question 6

List two causes of pyloric stenosis

Answer 6

Benign muculas pyloric hypertrophy
Pyloric stenosis secondary to diseases causing pyloric obstruction.

Question 7

List five features of gastric inflammation

Answer 7

Hyperaemia
Thickening or swelling
Necrosis, erosion/ulceration
Haemorrhage
Fibrosis, atrophy

Question 8

List four types of inflammatory cell infilatrate that occurs with inflammation of the stomach.

Answer 8

Lymphoplasmacytic
Eosinophilic
Neutrophilic
Granulomatour

Question 9

What are two factors that will cause increased secretion of acid and lead to ulceration?

Answer 9

Paraneoplastic effect
Gastrin production by gastrinomas

Question 10

List the most common gastric tumour for the dog, cat, horse and cow.

Answer 10

Dogs - adenocarcinoma
Cats - lymphoma
Horses - squamous cell carcinoma
Bovine - lymphoma

Question 11

Which part of the stomach is the gastric adenocarcinoma most common in?

Answer 11

Distal parts of the stomach