Bovine GI Surgery 1 and 2 Flashcards
What are the two broad methods of treatment of a left displaced abomasum?
Conservative management
Surgical management
List 6 considerations of an LDA
Return and stabilise abomasum in normal anatomical position
Manage of concurrent abdominal pathology
Minimising additional risk
Practicality
Economic cost-benefit
Surgeon experience
What is the success rate for the conservative treatment of an LDA?
40%
List four open technqiues for the surgical correction of an LDA.
Right sided paralumbar fossa
Double sided paralumbar fossa
Left sided paralumbar fossa
Right paramedium
List three closed techniques for the surgical correction of an LDA.
Toggle-pin
Blind fixation
Laparoscopy
What are four disadvantages of a right paralumbar laparotomy?
Time
Cost
Requires a long arm reach
Difficult if abomasal adhesions to the left body wall.
What is a left paralumbar laparotomy also called?
Utrecht method
Where would you place stay sutures during a left paralumbar laparotomy for an LDA?
Dorso-cranial aspect of the abomasal fundus
Where is the incision for a right paramedian laparotomy and abomasopexy?
Paramedian incision.
Hand’s breath to the right of the midline
Hand’s breadth caudal to the xyphisternum
What position does the cow have to be in for a toggle pin surgical correction of an LDA?
Right lateral recumbency and rolled onto its back.
When should the toggle pin be removed after LDA correction surgery?
7-10 days
List four disadvantages of a toggle-pin suture.
Blind
Can’t visualise abdomen viscera
Potential risk of trauma to personal and cow
Requires rolling
List 6 parts of the aftercare for all abomasal surgery.
NSAIDs
Antibiotics
Oral fluid therapy
Treatment of concurrent medical conditions
Calcium
Dietary management
List 6 parts of the aftercare for all abomasal surgery.
NSAIDs
Antibiotics
Oral fluid therapy
Treatment of concurrent medical conditions
Calcium
Dietary management
LIst 6 complications or abomasal surgery
Abomasitis and abomasal ulceration
Motility disorders
Infection
Pexy failure +/- re-displacement
Adhesions and intestinal incarceration
What is the prognosis for open and closed abomasal surgery?
Open: 80-99%
Closed: 77-90%
When is surgical treatment indicated for a right displaced abomasum?
Signs of hypovolaemic/endotoxic shock
Severe or increasing abdominal pain unresponsive to analgesics
No response to conservative management in 2-4 hours
List five indications for rumenotomy
Traumatic reticulo pericarditis
Ruminal Foreign Body
Ruminal tympany
Grain overload and acidosis
Poisoning
List four aspects of the conservative management of traumatic reticulo-pericarditis.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
NSAIDs
Oral fluid therapy
Magnets
How should you close the rumen after a rumenotomy?
Two layers
Continuous inverting suture pattern
~2 synthetic absorbable suture material
List four differential diagnoses of umbilical masses in cattle.
Umbilical hernia
Omphalitis (navel ill)
Umbilical Abcess
Umbilical Remnant Infection
What are the usual contents of an umbilical hernia in cattle? (list in order of occurence)
Greater omentum
Abomasal fundus
Intestinal loops
What is the aetiology of an umbilical abscess?
Secondary to navel ill.
Walled-off infection persists within the umbilical stump.
What are the clinical signs of umbilical abscesses?
Typically firm, hot and painful.
+/- draining sinus tracts and purulent umbilical discharge
+/- pyrexia or systemic signs
What is the aetiology of umbilical remnant disorders?
Failure of elastic recoil/post-partum closure of elements of the umbilical cords
Concurrent umbilical hernia
Concurrent infection
What are the three treatment options of umbilical masses?
Conservative
Drainage
Umbilical herniorrhaphy
En-block resection
Describe the approach to establishing treatment for umbilical masses.
Restrain the calf standing or in lateral recumbency
Surgically prepare the incision site.
Make a bold incision at the most dependant point of the mass
Express all the purulent material and flush with dilute iodine solution.
What are the indications of an umbilical herniorraphy?
Umbilical hernias greater than 3-5cm
Complicated umbilical hernias
What is the best time for an umbilical herniorrhaphy repair?
Around 3-4 months of age
What is the approach to an umbilical herniorrhaphy?
Dorsal recumbency
Elliptical incision
+/- preputial reflection
Which tension relieving sutures can you use in an umbilical herniorrhaphy?
Mayo overlapping suture
Horizontal mattress suture
Where are meshes contrainidcated in an umbilical herniorrhaphy?
On farm due to compormised asepsis
Complicated hernias with concurrent infection.
How long should antibiotics be given after en bloc resection of umbilical masses?
5-7 days
