GIT Pathology 4 Flashcards
List three causes of a functional intestinal obstruction
Paralytic ileus
Dysautonomia
Megacolon
How do foreign bodies cause obstruction of the intestine?
Block lumen
Pressure or traumatic injury may compromise instetinal wall circulation
Define atresia
Congenital occlusion
How does ischaemia and infarction of the GI tract cause death?
Compression and obstruction of blood vessels
Vascular congestion and tissue ischaemia
Necrosis, oedema and haemorrhage and effusion of tissue fluid and blood into the lumen
Proliferation of anaerobes - gas production, toxins
Septic peritonitis with or without intestinal perforation
List three types of hernias
Inguinal
Umbilical
Diaphragmatic
List three potential complications of
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal strangulation
Incarceration
Define intestinal volvulus
Twisting of the intestine on its mesenteric axis
Define intestinal torsion
Twisting of a tubular organ along its long axis
Define diarrhoea
Excess water relative to the proportion of dry matter within species
Describe the malabsorptive mechanism of diarrhoea
Commonly results from villus atrophy
Reduced surface area for absorption
Osmotic retention of water in the intestinal lumen
How do hypersecretory mechanisms of diarrhoea work?
Excess secretionover absorption results in a net efflux of fluid and electrolytes
What part of the intestine does parvovirus effect?
Proliferating enterocytes in the crypts
How does lymphangiectasia cause diarrhoea?
Malabsorption and protein-losing enterophathy
Which species is lymphangiectasia most common in?
Dog
How does lymphangiectasia cause disease?
Obstruction of lymphatics with increased lymphatic pressure
Dilation of lacteals and intestinal and mesenteric lymphatics
Leakage of chyle from distened lymphatics can cause lipogranulomatous lymphangitis
