GIT Pathology 5 (Equine) Flashcards
Which type of teeth do horses have?
Brachydont
Define sialorrhea
Excessive drooling
What is calculus?
Deposition of mineralised supragingival and subgingival plaque formed by mineral and dead bacteria.
In horses what is the main mineral component of calculus?
Calcium carbonate
What is dental caries?
Demineralization of the inorganic part and enzymatic degradation of the organic matrix
What may oral candidiasis in foals indicate?
Immunosuppression
Which infectious agent may be associated with gastric ulceration in horses?
Helicobacter
What are the four main factors relating to gastric ulceration?
Mucus secretion
Increased acid production
Blood flow
Epithelium regeneration
What species causes parasitic gastritis?
Gasterophilus spp. larvae (botflies)
What have larval infestations been associated with?
Gastric ulceration, reflux and peritonitis
List the four mechanisms of diarrhoea
Malabsorptive
(Hyper)secretion
Altered motility
Increased permeability/effusion
Which age of horse is most commonly affected by clostridium perfringens type C?
Neonates
What is the main pathological finding associated with clostridium perfringens type C in the horse?
Necrotizing enterotyphlocolitis
Which age of horse does clostridium difficile affect?
All age groups
What is the main pathological finding of an equine clostridium difficile infection?
Necrotizing enterotyphlocolitis plus submucosal gelatinous oedema colon and caecum.
What age of horse does rhodococcus equi affect?
Disease in foals up to 5 months of age.
What is the main pathological finding with rhodococcus equi?
Pyogranulomatous colitis
What is the main species that Lawsonia intracellularis affects?
Pigs
How is Lawsonia intracellularis infection spread?
Faeco-oral route
What is the main pathological finding of a Lawsonia intracellularis infection?
Proliferative enteropathy causing malabsorption.
What age of horses does rotavirus affect?
3-4 months
What age of horse does cryptosporidium affect?
5-6 weeks of age
What is the classic lesion associated with equine diarrhoea cause by parasites?
Endoarteritis, in particular the cranial mesenteric artery
List four intestinal tract neoplasias seen in horses
Lymphoma
Adenocarcinoma
Leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST)
