GI Medicine 2 - Regurgitiation Flashcards
Why may patients with megaoesophagus inhale food?
Regurgitation is passive and unexpected to inhalation is common as they don’t close their glottis.
List three causes of lower oesophageal sphincter disease.
Hiatal hernia
Lower oesophageal dysfunction - breed related/local oesophagitis.
Related to underlying chronic enteropathy
List four causes of oesophagitis.
Peri-anaesthetic
Chronic GERD
Post-oesophageal trauma
Sequalae to vomiting
Why is it important to treat oesophagitis quickly?
To prevent circumfrential scarring forming a stricture
What are the three types of oesophageal disease?
Lumenal obstruction
Intra-mural obstruction
Extra-mural obstruction
How do vascular ring anomalies cause regurgitation?
Ligatmentum arteriosum causes a band of tissue across the oesophagus due to the aorta forming on the wrong side.
Oesophagus is normal but tethered and not distensible so once they eat food, they get megaoesophagus.
If left for a long period, the proximal megaoesophagis may not be reversible.
Why must you radiograph animals with suspected megaoesophagus CONCIOUS?
Sedatives/anaesthetics cause relaxation so they can appear as megaoesophagus
What are the two main differentials for diffuse megaoesophagus? How would you diagnose each?
Idiopathic megaoesophagus - exclude all other differentials
Myasthenia gravis - AChR antibodies
List four causes of focal megaoesophagus. State which would be found at the heart base.
Vascular ring anomaly - heart base
Foreign body
Stricture
Space occupying lesion
On contrast radiography of the oesophagus, what pattern is considered normal in the cat?
Herringbone pattern
Why is contrast radiography contraindicated for regurgitation?
High risk of aspiration.
List three uses of a fluoroscopy dyanmic study in regurgitation cases.
Swallowing
Evaluation of intermittent pathology
Respiratory - diagnosis of airway collapse.
