Equine GI Surgery 1

Question 1

Why does heart rate increase with colic?

Answer 1

Pain
Endotoxaemia
Haemoconcentration
Reduced venous return

Question 2

When does the pulse indicate a surgical colic?

Answer 2

80+

Question 3

What may a hypermetric bounding pulse indicate?

Answer 3

Circulatory shock

Question 4

What do purple rings of mucous membranes indicate?

Answer 4

Endotoxaemia

Question 5

Where per rectum can you palpate the pelvic flexure of a horse?

Answer 5

Left ventral quadrant

Question 6

What is the normal volume of reflux you may get with nasogastric intubation?

Answer 6

1-2L

Question 7

What measurement demondstrates tissue ischaemia on blood biochemistry?

Answer 7

Lactate

Question 8

Where can you visualise the duodenum of the horse on ultrasound?

Answer 8

Right dorsal quadrant

Question 9

Where should you perform abdominal paracentesis?

Answer 9

Ventral midline, 4 inches caudal to sternum or most dependant part of abdomen

Question 10

What would a normal abdominal paracentesis sample look like?

Answer 10

Normal clear and straw coloured

Question 11

What would an amber/orange paracentesis sample indicate?

Answer 11

Vascular compromise

Question 12

What would a red/black abdominal paracentesis sample indicate?

Answer 12

Necrosis

Question 13

What does gut content in an abominal paracentesis sample indicate?

Answer 13

Rupture or accidental lumen penetration

Question 14

List four signs of a colic that would cause you to refer the case for surgery?

Answer 14

NGR > 5L
Rectal findings including DSI, colon torsion
Severe congestion of MM
Unrelenting pain