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Fundamentals 1 > S2. Ch 29: Mental Health Disorders > Flashcards

S2. Ch 29: Mental Health Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Mental health indicates a capacity to cope effectively with and manage life’s stresses in an effort to achieve a state of

A

-emotional homeostasis

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2
Q

___ ___ in later life is highly individualized, based on personal resources, health status, and the unique experiences of the individual’s life

A

Cognitive function

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3
Q

The incidence of mental illness is higher among the __ than among the __.

A

old

young

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4
Q

Mental illness affects nearly __ in __ older Americans

A

one

five

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5
Q

Older adults confront many problems that challenge their emotional homeostasis such as:

A
  • death
  • illness
  • retirement
  • social isolation
  • sensory deficits
  • increased vulnerability
  • increased risk of institutionalization
  • greater awareness of own mortality
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6
Q

__ is the most frequent problem that psychiatrists treat in older adult.

A

Depression

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7
Q

Major depression ___ with advanced age and minor depression ___ in incidence with age

A
  • decreases

- increases

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8
Q

Depression rates:

  1. community based
  2. long term facilities
  3. nursing home
A
  1. 15-25%
  2. 25%
  3. 20-30%
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9
Q

The most common manifestations of Depression are the vegetative symptoms, which include:

A 
insomnia
fatigue
anorexia
weight loss
constipation
decreased interest in sex
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10
Q

Depressed persons may express:

A

self-deprecation, guilt, apathy, remorse, hopelessness, helplessness, and feelings of being a burden.

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11
Q

Depressed persons may have problems such as:

A
  • hygiene practices being neglected
  • altered cognition
  • complaints of headache or indigestion
  • change in sleep for psychomotor activity patterns
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12
Q

The symptoms of depression can mimic those of __.

A

dementia

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13
Q

A decline in intellect and personality is usually indicative of ___.

A

dementia, NOT depression.

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14
Q

What scale is used to determine depression?

A

Geriatric Depression Scale, which is a yes/no short scale.

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15
Q

What race(s) has lower depression rates and why?

A
  • older native Americans, African Americans, and asian Americans.
  • probably because they have been misdiagnosed or missed identification.
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16
Q

List some options to treat depression:

A
  • psychotherapy
  • antidepressants
  • electroconvulsive therapy
  • herbs
  • acupressure
  • acupuncture
  • guided imagery
  • light therapy
  • good basic health practices
  • proper nutrition
  • exercise
17
Q

Suicide rates are highest among ages 45-64 at ___% per 100,000 people, with persons ages 85+ behind at ___% per 100,000 people.

A
  1. 7%

18. 6%

18
Q

What gender has a higher rate of suicide at all ages?

A

Males

19
Q

Signs of suicidal gestures:

A
  • medication misuse
  • self-starvation
  • driving while intoxicated
  • walking in dangerous places
  • any suicidal phrases
  • subjecting oneself to other risks
20
Q

What are 4 options that can be used to help treat anxiety?

A
  • drugs
  • biofeedback
  • guided imagery
  • relaxation therapy
21
Q

Some nursing interventions to help anxiety:

A
  • allow adequate time for convo’s
  • encourage and respect patients decisions
  • prepare the individual for all anticipated activities
  • provide basic/honest explanations
  • control # and variety of people whom patient interacts with
  • adhere to routines
  • keep/use familiar objects
  • reduce noise, lighting, etc.
22
Q

Older adults who combine alcohol or illegal drugs while taking prescription medications increase their risk of ?

A
  • adverse drug consequences
  • falls
  • reduced cognitive function
  • abuse
  • self-neglect
23
Q

In addition, substance abuse can cause medical problems, such as:

A
  • gastrointestinal bleeding
  • hypertension
  • muscle weakness
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • susceptibility to infections
24
Q

What screenings can you use to identify alcohol abuse in older adults?

A

The Short Michigan Alcohol Screening Test—Geriatric Version and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)

25
Q

In caring for the patient who has an alcohol problem, the long-term goal is __.

A

sobriety

26
Q

Sobriety can only be achieved if the patient:

A

acknowledges the problem and takes responsibility for doing something about it.

27
Q

Paranoia can be caused by:

A
  • endocrine disorders (hyperparathyroidism)

- adverse response to some drugs

28
Q

Some of the adverse effects of the medications used to treat psychiatric disorders can lead to:

A

anorexia, constipation, falls, incontinence, anemia, lethargy, sleep disturbances, and confusion.

29
Q

Behavioral problems are actions that are:

A

annoying, disruptive, harmful, or generally deviate from the norm and that tend to be recurrent in nature

30
Q

Behavioral problems include:

A

physical or verbal abuse, resistance to care, repetitive actions, wandering, restlessness, suspiciousness, and inappropriate sexual behavior and undressing

31
Q

___ is the first step in assisting the patient who displays behavioral problems.

A

Assessing the cause of the behavior

32
Q

Problems that older adults confront that may challenge emotional homeostasis:

A
  • maybe they cant mow the lawn anymore

- maybe they cant afford medications anymore

Fundamentals 1 (24 decks)

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