GI System

Question 1

__ are the source of complaints and discomfort for older adults

Answer 1

GI problems

Question 2

___ affects taste buds and decreases taste sensation.

Answer 2

Atrophy of the tongue

Question 3

___ production decreases

Answer 3

saliva

Question 4

___ results in weaker esophageal contractions and weakness of the sphincter.

Answer 4

Presbyesophagus

Question 5

Esophageal and stomach motility decreases which puts the patient at risk for:

Answer 5

aspiration and indigestion

Question 6

What happens to the elasticity of the stomach? And what does this cause?

Answer 6

decreases which reduces the amount of food accommodation at one time

Question 7

Stomach has higher pH as a result of decline in ___

Answer 7

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Question 8

Decline in hydrochloric acid does what?

Answer 8

• Increase in the incidence of gastric irritation

- Interferes with absorption of calcium, iron, folic acid, and vitamin

Question 9

Decline in pepsin does what?

Answer 9

Interferes with absorption of protein

Question 10

Fewer cells on absorbing surface of intestinal wall impact the absorption of:

Answer 10

dextrose, xylose, and vitamins B and D

Question 11

What does pancreas changes affect?

Answer 11

digestion of fats

Question 12

Bile salt synthesis decreases which results in:

Answer 12

increase in the risk of gallstone development

Question 13

Sensory perception decreases which may lead to:

Answer 13

constipation or incomplete emptying of the bowl

Question 14

___ enhances general health and minimizes the risk of indigestion and constipation

Answer 14

Proper nutrition

Question 15

___ and ___ can prevent disorders that threaten nutritional intake

Answer 15

Good dental hygiene and regular dental visits

Question 16

xerostomia

Answer 16

dry mouth

Question 17

xerostomia results from:

Answer 17

decreased saliva, some medications, Sjogren’s syndrome, mouth breathing, and altered cognition

Question 18

4 interventions for xerostomia:

Answer 18

saliva substitutes, sipping water, suglarless candy and gum

Question 19

Poor dentition can restrict food intake and lead to:

Answer 19

constipation and malnutrition

Question 20

difficulty swallowing

Answer 20

dysphagia

Question 21

causes of dysphagia?

Answer 21

GERD, stroke, and structural disorders

Question 22

Goals of care and interventions for dysphagia:

Answer 22

Prevention of aspiration

Promotion of adequate nutritional status

Question 23

What is involuntary defecation called?

Answer 23

bowel incontinence

Question 24

First step for bowel incontinence?

Answer 24

Assess for impaction

Question 25

What is Cholelithiasis?

Answer 25

gallstones

Question 26

the degenerative changes in the smooth muscle lining of the lower esophagus

Answer 26

presbyesophagus