S2. Ch 24: Neurological System Flashcards

1
Q

affects the ability of the central nervous system to control body movements as a result of impaired function of basal ganglia in the midbrain.

A

Parkinson’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

___ is necessary for smooth motor movement and has a role in emotions.

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parkinson’s is more common in what gender?

A

Men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A finding in people with Parkinson’s disease compared with individuals who have other causes of tremors is the presence of ____, an intracellular inclusion body, in the brain.

A

the Lewy body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The death of substantia nigra cells within the basal ganglia leads to ___, which is responsible for the symptoms.

A

a significant reduction in dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Some symptoms of Parkinson’s:

A
  • drooling
  • difficulty swallowing
  • slow speech
  • monotone voice
  • skin is moist
  • mask-like appearance
  • Bradykinesia
  • Poor balance
  • appetite increases
  • emotional instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Temporary or intermittent neurological events that can result from any situation that reduces cerebral circulation

A

Transient ischemic attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the third leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in older adults.

A

CVA’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Intellectual performance normally is maintained until the __ __ of life, and verbal skills may begin to show some declines after age ___.

A
  • eighth decade

- 70.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Effects of Aging on nervous system:

A
  • loss of nerve cell mass
  • atrophy of the brain and spinal cord
  • brain weight decreases
  • number of dendrites declines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Demyelination of cells causes:

A
  • slower nerve conduction
  • response and reaction times are slower
  • reflexes become weaker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

there is a decrease in cerebral blood flow by ___%.

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fatty deposits accumulate in __.

A

blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

intellectual performance is maintained until at least age ___.

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

verbal skills are maintained until age ___

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

their is a dulling of ___ due to aging

A

tactile sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

there is also a decline in the function of the cranial nerves affecting ___.

A

taste and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Subtle Indications of Neurological Problems:

A
new headaches
changes in vision
sudden deafness/ringing in ears
mood/personality changes
altered cognition or LOC
clumsiness/unsteady gait
numbness/tingling in extremity
unusual sensation or pain near nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parkinson’s affects ability of CNS to control body movements because of:

A

impaired basal ganglia in mid-brain, they either die or become impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

risk factors for neurons disorders:

A

smoking, obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, ineffective stress management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

preventive measures for neurological health:

A

maintain healthy weight, smoking sensation, maintain healthy cholesterol level, avoid head and spinal cord injuries

22
Q

dopamines role:

A

smooth motor muscle movements

23
Q

About __% of neurons are lost and this increases with age. Also seen more in men then women,

24
Q

Cause of Parkinson’s disease?

25
Signs/symptoms of Parkinson's?
``` monotone voice muscle rigidity hard time ambulating tremors shuffling gait sleep disturbances depression dementia drooling dysphagia SOB constipation ```
26
Parkinson's Disease: What do dopamine agonist do?
they stimulate dopamine receptors
27
Parkinson's Disease: What do Anticholinergic medications do?
decrease acetylcholine in the brain & restore normal neurotransmitter’s balance-can make glaucoma worse
28
Parkinson's Disease: What do Mono-oxidase inhibitors & catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors do?
control symptoms
29
Parkinson's Disease: What are some technologies to control symptoms?
Deep brain stimulation
30
What are some surgeries for Parkinson's Disease?
Deep brain stimulator, a piecemaker can be implanted, etc
31
Goal of Parkinson's disease?
Maximum level of independence preserved
32
3 nursing interventions for patients with Parkinson's disease?
- education: about disease and management and progression of disease - psychosocial: prevent tension and frustration - physical: preserve max level of patient independence
33
What is a TIA?
- Transient Ischemic Attack | - temporary or intermittent reduction in cerebral perfusion
34
Causes of TIA?
smoking, obesity, diabetes, genetics, anything that reduces circulation, etc.
35
signs and symptoms of TIA?
hemaporesis (paralysis of one side) diplopia (double vision) vomiting nausea
36
Recovery of a TIA?
usually within 1 day, usually resolves on its own
37
TIA has an increased risk of ___
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
38
TIA can be a ___
mini stroke, or a warning sign of an impending stroke
39
Cerebrovascular Accident is a __-
stroke
40
Cerebrovascular Accident is the __ leading cause of death in older adults.
3rd
41
Types of CVA?
Ischemic | Hemorrhagic
42
What is an Ischemic CVA?
caused by partial or complete cerebral thrombosis, which is a clot that blocks a path of blood to the heart
43
What is a Hemorrhagic CVA?
- ruptured blood vessel - comes w more complications, and you want to make sure you check the patient’s BP, no brain swelling/shifting, etc - their can be more sudden changes with this one
44
__ is used for ischemic CVA's to break the blockage
TPA
45
warning signs for a CVA and a TIA?
lightheaded, dizzy, headache, drop attack
46
What is a drop attack?
when you lose feeling and muscle control in your extremity and you fall to the ground
47
Nursing care during acute phase of CVA:
Maintain a patent airway, provide adequate nutrition & hydration, monitor neurological & vital signs, prevent complications associated with immobility
48
CVA: After patient stabilization, focus is on ___
rehabilitation
49
CVA: During rehabilitation, problems vary on ___
the side of the brain affected
50
CVA: Nursing interventions are aimed at:
promoting maximum levels of independence, preventing injury
51
3 things to use when promoting independence:
patience reassurance encouragement
52
Neuro conditions: preventing injury:
avoid hazards safety considerations evaluate the environment for danger prevent complications