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Fundamentals 1 > S2. Ch 24: Neurological System > Flashcards

S2. Ch 24: Neurological System Flashcards

1
Q

affects the ability of the central nervous system to control body movements as a result of impaired function of basal ganglia in the midbrain.

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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2
Q

___ is necessary for smooth motor movement and has a role in emotions.

A

Dopamine

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3
Q

Parkinson’s is more common in what gender?

A

Men

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4
Q

A finding in people with Parkinson’s disease compared with individuals who have other causes of tremors is the presence of ____, an intracellular inclusion body, in the brain.

A

the Lewy body

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5
Q

The death of substantia nigra cells within the basal ganglia leads to ___, which is responsible for the symptoms.

A

a significant reduction in dopamine

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6
Q

Some symptoms of Parkinson’s:

A
  • drooling
  • difficulty swallowing
  • slow speech
  • monotone voice
  • skin is moist
  • mask-like appearance
  • Bradykinesia
  • Poor balance
  • appetite increases
  • emotional instability
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7
Q

Temporary or intermittent neurological events that can result from any situation that reduces cerebral circulation

A

Transient ischemic attacks

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8
Q

the third leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in older adults.

A

CVA’s

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9
Q

Intellectual performance normally is maintained until the __ __ of life, and verbal skills may begin to show some declines after age ___.

A
  • eighth decade

- 70.

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10
Q

Effects of Aging on nervous system:

A
  • loss of nerve cell mass
  • atrophy of the brain and spinal cord
  • brain weight decreases
  • number of dendrites declines
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11
Q

Demyelination of cells causes:

A
  • slower nerve conduction
  • response and reaction times are slower
  • reflexes become weaker
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12
Q

there is a decrease in cerebral blood flow by ___%.

A

20

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13
Q

Fatty deposits accumulate in __.

A

blood vessels

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14
Q

intellectual performance is maintained until at least age ___.

A

80

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15
Q

verbal skills are maintained until age ___

A

70

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16
Q

their is a dulling of ___ due to aging

A

tactile sensation

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17
Q

there is also a decline in the function of the cranial nerves affecting ___.

A

taste and smell

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18
Q

Subtle Indications of Neurological Problems:

A 
new headaches
changes in vision
sudden deafness/ringing in ears
mood/personality changes
altered cognition or LOC
clumsiness/unsteady gait
numbness/tingling in extremity
unusual sensation or pain near nerve
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19
Q

Parkinson’s affects ability of CNS to control body movements because of:

A

impaired basal ganglia in mid-brain, they either die or become impaired

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20
Q

risk factors for neurons disorders:

A

smoking, obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, ineffective stress management

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21
Q

preventive measures for neurological health:

A

maintain healthy weight, smoking sensation, maintain healthy cholesterol level, avoid head and spinal cord injuries

22
Q

dopamines role:

A

smooth motor muscle movements

23
Q

About __% of neurons are lost and this increases with age. Also seen more in men then women,

24
Q

Cause of Parkinson’s disease?

25
Q

Signs/symptoms of Parkinson’s?

A 
monotone voice
muscle rigidity
hard time ambulating
tremors
shuffling gait
sleep disturbances
depression
dementia
drooling
dysphagia
SOB
constipation
26
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What do dopamine agonist do?

A

they stimulate dopamine receptors

27
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What do Anticholinergic medications do?

A

decrease acetylcholine in the brain & restore normal neurotransmitter’s balance-can make glaucoma worse

28
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What do Mono-oxidase inhibitors & catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors do?

A

control symptoms

29
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What are some technologies to control symptoms?

A

Deep brain stimulation

30
Q

What are some surgeries for Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Deep brain stimulator, a piecemaker can be implanted, etc

31
Q

Goal of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Maximum level of independence preserved

32
Q

3 nursing interventions for patients with Parkinson’s disease?

A
  • education: about disease and management and progression of disease
  • psychosocial: prevent tension and frustration
  • physical: preserve max level of patient independence
33
Q

What is a TIA?

A
  • Transient Ischemic Attack

- temporary or intermittent reduction in cerebral perfusion

34
Q

Causes of TIA?

A

smoking, obesity, diabetes, genetics, anything that reduces circulation, etc.

35
Q

signs and symptoms of TIA?

A

hemaporesis (paralysis of one side)
diplopia (double vision)
vomiting
nausea

36
Q

Recovery of a TIA?

A

usually within 1 day, usually resolves on its own

37
Q

TIA has an increased risk of ___

A

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

38
Q

TIA can be a ___

A

mini stroke, or a warning sign of an impending stroke

39
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident is a __-

40
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident is the __ leading cause of death in older adults.

41
Q

Types of CVA?

A

Ischemic

Hemorrhagic

42
Q

What is an Ischemic CVA?

A

caused by partial or complete cerebral thrombosis, which is a clot that blocks a path of blood to the heart

43
Q

What is a Hemorrhagic CVA?

A
  • ruptured blood vessel
  • comes w more complications, and you want to make sure you check the patient’s BP, no brain swelling/shifting, etc
  • their can be more sudden changes with this one
44
Q

__ is used for ischemic CVA’s to break the blockage

45
Q

warning signs for a CVA and a TIA?

A

lightheaded, dizzy, headache, drop attack

46
Q

What is a drop attack?

A

when you lose feeling and muscle control in your extremity and you fall to the ground

47
Q

Nursing care during acute phase of CVA:

A

Maintain a patent airway, provide adequate nutrition & hydration, monitor neurological & vital signs, prevent complications associated with immobility

48
Q

CVA: After patient stabilization, focus is on ___

A

rehabilitation

49
Q

CVA: During rehabilitation, problems vary on ___

A

the side of the brain affected

50
Q

CVA: Nursing interventions are aimed at:

A

promoting maximum levels of independence, preventing injury

51
Q

3 things to use when promoting independence:

A

patience
reassurance
encouragement

52
Q

Neuro conditions: preventing injury:

A

avoid hazards
safety considerations
evaluate the environment for danger
prevent complications

Fundamentals 1 (24 decks)

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