S2. Ch 20: Digestion and Bowel Elimination

Question 1

Hepatic blood flow can be reduced as a result of ___.

Answer 1

decreased cardiac output

Question 2

Dietary fiber intake of ___ g/d is advisable

Answer 2

20 to 35

Question 3

xerostomia

Answer 3

dry mouth

Question 4

Saliva serves several important functions, such as:

Answer 4

• lubricating soft tissues
• assisting in remineralizing teeth
• promoting taste sensations
• helping to control bacteria and fungus in the oral cavity

Question 5

What can affect saliva production?

Answer 5

• medications
• age
• mouth breathing
• altered cognition

Question 6

___ prevent many older persons from seeking dental attention.

Answer 6

financial limitations

Question 7

Dysphagia can be ____ or ___.

Answer 7

oropharyngeal, esophageal

Question 8

Involving difficulty with the transfer of food down the esophagus and more common in persons with motility disorders, sphincter abnormalities, or mechanical obstructions caused by strictures

Answer 8

esophageal

Question 9

characterized by difficulty transferring food bolus or liquid from the mouth into the pharynx and esophagus and more common in persons with neurologic damage,

Answer 9

oropharyngeal

Question 10

dysphagia

Answer 10

difficulty swallowing

Question 11

The two types of hiatal hernia are ___ and ___.

Answer 11

sliding (axial) and rolling (paraesophageal)

Question 12

The ___ type of hernia is the most common and occurs when a part of the stomach and the junction of the stomach and esophagus slide through the diaphragm.

Answer 12

sliding

Question 13

Most patients with GERD have the ___ type of hiatal hernia.

Answer 13

sliding

Question 14

In the __ type of hernia, the fundus and greater curvatures of the stomach roll up through the diaphragm.

Answer 14

rolling or paraesophageal

Question 15

• The most common types are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
• This disease commonly strikes between the ages of 50 and 70 years and is of higher incidence in men

Answer 15

Esophageal Cancer

Question 16

tend to present with more acute symptoms in older adults, such as pain, bleeding, obstruction, and perforation

Answer 16

Peptic Ulcer

Question 17

Occurring most frequently in people between 50 and 70 years of age, with an average age of diagnosis of 69 years. It is more prevalent among men, cigarette smokers, poor socioeconomic groups, and African American, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander individuals.
-A diet low in red meats and high in antioxidants is believed to be helpful in preventing this.

Answer 17

Cancer of the Stomach

Question 18

A condition in which multiple pouches of intestinal mucosa develop in the weakened muscular wall of the large bowel (digestive tract)

Answer 18

Diverticular Disease

Question 19

Cancer at any site along the large intestine

Answer 19

Colorectal Cancer

Question 20

Partial or complete impairment of flow of intestinal contents in the large intestines most often occurs due to cancer of the colon; adhesions and hernias are the primary cause of obstructions in the small intestine

Answer 20

Intestinal Obstruction

Question 21

the inability to voluntarily control the passage of stool

Answer 21

Fecal Incontinence

Question 22

• does not occur frequently in older persons
• The severe pain that occurs in younger persons may be absent in older adults, whose pain may be minimal and referred. Fever may be minimal, and leukocytosis may be absent

Answer 22

Acute Appendicitis

Question 23

• primarily affects older adults and is difficult to detect until it has reached an advanced stage.
• Anorexia, weakness, weight loss, and wasting are generalized symptoms easily attributed to other causes.

Answer 23

Cancer of the Pancreas

Question 24

What disease does this fall under?

• Cancer of the gallbladder primarily affects older persons, especially women. Fortunately, this disease does not occur frequently
• Cholelithiasis

Answer 24

A Biliary Tract Disease

Question 25

a condition in which the normal lining of the esophagus is replaced by a type of lining usually found in the intestines

Answer 25

Barrett’s esophagus

Question 26

the formation or presence of gallstones in the gallbladder

Answer 26

Cholelithiasis

Question 27

Any disease that affects the gall bladder, bile ducts, and accompanying structures.

Answer 27

Biliary tract disease

Question 28

Part of stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm

Answer 28

Hiatal hernia

Question 29

___ is a term used to describe an abnormal shape of the swallowing tube (esophagus) that occurs in some individuals

Answer 29

Presbyesophagus

Question 30

Decreased bile salt synthesis: what does it cause?

Answer 30

risk for gallstones

Question 31

Changes to the pancreas can lead to:

Answer 31

indigestion of fats or metabolizing fats slower

Question 32

How much dietary fiber is recommended?

Answer 32

20-35 g/d

Question 33

Why should you encourage a BM after breakfast?

Answer 33

Morning activity and ingestion of food and fluid increases peristalsis

Question 34

what could pallor signal?

Answer 34

blood loss

Question 35

means elevation of BUN:

Answer 35

uremia

Question 36

What could it mean if the lips capillaries are not abundant?

Answer 36

poor oxygenation

Question 37

What could it mean if there’s cracks and fissures on the lips?

Answer 37

riboflavin deficiency, jagged teeth, poorly fitted dentures

Question 38

what could it mean if there are white beads in the oral cavity?

Answer 38

moniliasis (get a culture)!!

Question 39

what could bleeding and swollen gums mean?

Answer 39

periodontal disease