S2. Ch 20: Digestion and Bowel Elimination Flashcards
Hepatic blood flow can be reduced as a result of ___.
decreased cardiac output
Dietary fiber intake of ___ g/d is advisable
20 to 35
xerostomia
dry mouth
Saliva serves several important functions, such as:
- lubricating soft tissues
- assisting in remineralizing teeth
- promoting taste sensations
- helping to control bacteria and fungus in the oral cavity
What can affect saliva production?
- medications
- age
- mouth breathing
- altered cognition
___ prevent many older persons from seeking dental attention.
financial limitations
Dysphagia can be ____ or ___.
oropharyngeal, esophageal
Involving difficulty with the transfer of food down the esophagus and more common in persons with motility disorders, sphincter abnormalities, or mechanical obstructions caused by strictures
esophageal
characterized by difficulty transferring food bolus or liquid from the mouth into the pharynx and esophagus and more common in persons with neurologic damage,
oropharyngeal
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
The two types of hiatal hernia are ___ and ___.
sliding (axial) and rolling (paraesophageal)
The ___ type of hernia is the most common and occurs when a part of the stomach and the junction of the stomach and esophagus slide through the diaphragm.
sliding
Most patients with GERD have the ___ type of hiatal hernia.
sliding
In the __ type of hernia, the fundus and greater curvatures of the stomach roll up through the diaphragm.
rolling or paraesophageal
- The most common types are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
- This disease commonly strikes between the ages of 50 and 70 years and is of higher incidence in men
Esophageal Cancer
tend to present with more acute symptoms in older adults, such as pain, bleeding, obstruction, and perforation
Peptic Ulcer
Occurring most frequently in people between 50 and 70 years of age, with an average age of diagnosis of 69 years. It is more prevalent among men, cigarette smokers, poor socioeconomic groups, and African American, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander individuals.
-A diet low in red meats and high in antioxidants is believed to be helpful in preventing this.
Cancer of the Stomach
A condition in which multiple pouches of intestinal mucosa develop in the weakened muscular wall of the large bowel (digestive tract)
Diverticular Disease
Cancer at any site along the large intestine
Colorectal Cancer
Partial or complete impairment of flow of intestinal contents in the large intestines most often occurs due to cancer of the colon; adhesions and hernias are the primary cause of obstructions in the small intestine
Intestinal Obstruction
the inability to voluntarily control the passage of stool
Fecal Incontinence
- does not occur frequently in older persons
- The severe pain that occurs in younger persons may be absent in older adults, whose pain may be minimal and referred. Fever may be minimal, and leukocytosis may be absent
Acute Appendicitis
- primarily affects older adults and is difficult to detect until it has reached an advanced stage.
- Anorexia, weakness, weight loss, and wasting are generalized symptoms easily attributed to other causes.
Cancer of the Pancreas
What disease does this fall under?
- Cancer of the gallbladder primarily affects older persons, especially women. Fortunately, this disease does not occur frequently
- Cholelithiasis
A Biliary Tract Disease
