Activity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the roles of the skeletal system in movement?

A
  • Supports the soft tissues of the body
  • Protects crucial components of the body
  • Furnishes surfaces for the attachment of muscles, tendons, and ligaments
  • Provides storage areas for minerals and fat
  • Produces blood cells
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2
Q

What are the 4 shape classifications for bones?

A

Long: upper/lower extremities
Short: first and ankle
Flat bones: ribs and skull bones
Irregular bones: spinal column and jaw

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3
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth or viscera

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4
Q

What are the 4 functions of muscles?

A

Motion
Maintenance of posture
Support
Heat production

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5
Q

What effects does the nervous system have on muscle contraction?

A
  • neurons conduct impulses from one part of the body to another
  • ANS (afferent) conveys info to CNS
  • Info is processed by the CNS leading to a response
  • the efferent neurons convert the response from the CNS to skeletal muscles by the somatic nervous system.
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6
Q

What factors of ones life influences mobility? (7)

A
  • developmental considerations
  • physical health
  • mental health
  • lifestyle
  • attitude and values
  • fatigue and stress
  • external factors
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7
Q

What are the 3 types of exercises?

A

Isotonic: muscle shortening and active movement. ex: Any ADL’s, swimming, walking, bicycling
Isometric: muscle contraction without shortening. ex: Yoga, planks
Isokinetic: muscle contraction with resistance. ex: Using weights

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8
Q

What are the benefits of exercise on the Cardiovascular system? (5)

A
  • Increased efficiency of the heart
  • Decreased heart rate and blood pressure
  • Increased blood flow to all body parts
  • Improved venous return
  • Increased circulating fibrinolysin (substance that breaks up small clots which we need!)
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9
Q

What are benefits from exercise on the Respiratory System? (3)

A
  • Improved alveolar ventilation
  • Decreased work of breathing
  • Improved diaphragmatic excursion (expansion of the lungs)
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10
Q

What are the benefits of exercise on the Musculoskeletal System?

A
  • Increased muscle efficiency (strength) and flexibility
  • Increased coordination
  • Reduced bone loss
  • Increased efficiency of nerve impulse transmission
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11
Q

Pathways of afferent and efferent nerve fibers:

A

Afferent: from the sensory stimuli (skin) to the brain and CNS
Efferent: from CNS to muscle for movement

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12
Q

What do we look for in a physical assessment for mobility?

A
  • general use of movement and gait
  • alignment
  • joint structure and function
  • muscle mass, tone, and strength
  • endurance
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13
Q

What are the 3 proper body mechanics?

A
  • Use of proper body movement in daily activities
  • prevention and correction of problems associated with posture
  • The enhancement of coordination and endurance
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14
Q

What equipment can we use to position a patient?

A
Pillows 
Mattresses 
Adjustable beds 
Bed side rails 
Trapeze bar (comes from the ceiling)
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15
Q

What are the 5 protective positions?

A
  • fowler’s: sitting at 90 degrees and knees can be elevated
  • supine: flat on back
  • lateral/side-laying
  • sims’: position for an anal catheter
  • prone: face down
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