Activity Flashcards
What are the roles of the skeletal system in movement?
- Supports the soft tissues of the body
- Protects crucial components of the body
- Furnishes surfaces for the attachment of muscles, tendons, and ligaments
- Provides storage areas for minerals and fat
- Produces blood cells
What are the 4 shape classifications for bones?
Long: upper/lower extremities
Short: first and ankle
Flat bones: ribs and skull bones
Irregular bones: spinal column and jaw
What are the three types of muscle?
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth or viscera
What are the 4 functions of muscles?
Motion
Maintenance of posture
Support
Heat production
What effects does the nervous system have on muscle contraction?
- neurons conduct impulses from one part of the body to another
- ANS (afferent) conveys info to CNS
- Info is processed by the CNS leading to a response
- the efferent neurons convert the response from the CNS to skeletal muscles by the somatic nervous system.
What factors of ones life influences mobility? (7)
- developmental considerations
- physical health
- mental health
- lifestyle
- attitude and values
- fatigue and stress
- external factors
What are the 3 types of exercises?
Isotonic: muscle shortening and active movement. ex: Any ADL’s, swimming, walking, bicycling
Isometric: muscle contraction without shortening. ex: Yoga, planks
Isokinetic: muscle contraction with resistance. ex: Using weights
What are the benefits of exercise on the Cardiovascular system? (5)
- Increased efficiency of the heart
- Decreased heart rate and blood pressure
- Increased blood flow to all body parts
- Improved venous return
- Increased circulating fibrinolysin (substance that breaks up small clots which we need!)
What are benefits from exercise on the Respiratory System? (3)
- Improved alveolar ventilation
- Decreased work of breathing
- Improved diaphragmatic excursion (expansion of the lungs)
What are the benefits of exercise on the Musculoskeletal System?
- Increased muscle efficiency (strength) and flexibility
- Increased coordination
- Reduced bone loss
- Increased efficiency of nerve impulse transmission
Pathways of afferent and efferent nerve fibers:
Afferent: from the sensory stimuli (skin) to the brain and CNS
Efferent: from CNS to muscle for movement
What do we look for in a physical assessment for mobility?
- general use of movement and gait
- alignment
- joint structure and function
- muscle mass, tone, and strength
- endurance
What are the 3 proper body mechanics?
- Use of proper body movement in daily activities
- prevention and correction of problems associated with posture
- The enhancement of coordination and endurance
What equipment can we use to position a patient?
Pillows Mattresses Adjustable beds Bed side rails Trapeze bar (comes from the ceiling)
What are the 5 protective positions?
- fowler’s: sitting at 90 degrees and knees can be elevated
- supine: flat on back
- lateral/side-laying
- sims’: position for an anal catheter
- prone: face down