Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals 1 > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 components of the infection cycle?

A
  1. infectious agent- bacteria, viruses, fungi
  2. reservoir- natural habitat of organism
  3. portal of exit- how it leaves
  4. means of transmission- direct, airborne, indirect, etc
  5. portal of entry
  6. susceptible host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 types of infectious agents?

A

Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Virus

A
  • smallest of all microorganisms
  • antibiotics have no effect on viruses
  • antivirals are used for viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fungi

A
  • plant like organisms that present in air, soil, and water
  • molds and yeasts
  • can cause infections
  • ex; yeast infections, ringworm
  • antifungals are used to treat these
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacteria

A
  • most significant and most prevalent in hospital settings
  • can be categorized by shape
  • antibiotics are used to treat these
  • some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the classification of Bacteria?

A
  • Cocci, Bacilli, or spirochetes
  • gram pos or neg
  • aerobic or anaerobic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

needs O1

A

aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 factors that affect an organism’s potential to produce disease?

A
  • number of organisms
  • virulence
  • competence of person’s immune system
  • length and intimacy of contact between person and microorganism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 5 possible reservoirs for microorganisms?

A 
Other people
Animals
Soil
Food, water, milk 
Inanimate objects- ex; tables
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 5 common portals of exit for infections?

A 
Respiratory tracts
GI
Genitourinary tract GU
Breaks in skin
Blood and tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the stages of infection? (4)

A

Incubation period- organisms growing and multiplying
Prodromal stage- person is most infectious, often spreads it not knowing they have it.
Full stage of illness- presence of symptoms and signs, still infectious
Convalescent period- recovery from the infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What factors affect the host susceptibility?

A
  • Intact skin and mucous membranes
  • Normal pH levels
  • Body’s WBC
  • Age, sex, race, and other heredity factors
  • Immunization, natural (if they had it they will have antibodies towards it) or acquired (immunizations)
  • Fatigue, climate, nutritional and general health status
  • stress
  • use of invasive or indwelling medical devices ex; catheters, IV, etc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Outcome Identification and Planning/Infection Control

A
  • hand hygiene
  • identify signs of infection
  • maintain adequate nutritional intake
  • proper disposal or soiled articles
  • appropriate disinfecting techniques
  • awareness of necessity immunizations
  • demonstrate stress-reduction techniques
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of acute infection?

A 
redness
heat
swelling
pain
loss of function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What Lab data indicates infection?

A
  • WBC over 10,000
  • increase in monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils
  • elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (how fast erythrocytes settle at ht bottom of a test tube)
  • presence of pathogen in lab test (urine, blood, etc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

5 MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE

A
  1. before touching a patient
  2. before a clean or aseptic procedure
  3. after a body fluid exposure risk
  4. after touching a patient
  5. after touching patient surroundings
17
Q

What is bacterial flora and what are the two types?

A

-collective bacteria and other microorganisms in a host are known as flora
Transient: attached loosely on skin, easy to remove
Resident: found in creases of skin, requires friction to remove

18
Q

What are the 4 categories responsible for a majority of the HAI’s?

A
  1. catheter- associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
  2. Surgical site infection (SSI)
  3. Central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
  4. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
19
Q

What are some risk factors for VRE?

A
  • compromised immune systems
  • recent surgery (breaks skin)
  • Invasive devices (foreign body)
  • prolonged antibiotic use
  • prolonged hospitalization (longer stay= more opportunities to become infected)
  • chemotherapy
20
Q

____ is used to treat colitis (inflammation of the intestine caused by certain bacteria) that may occur after antibiotic treatment.

A

Vancomycin

21
Q

CDC Recommendations to prevent C. Diff Infection (CDI)

A
  • avoid use of electronic equipment that is difficult to clean
  • disinfect items and equipment
  • gown and gloves
  • patients in private rooms or w others that have the SAME STRAIN of C. diff
  • hand hygiene
  • educate providers on transmission, presentation, and epidemiology
  • use antimicrobials
22
Q

C. Diff symptoms and facts

A

symptoms: abdominal pain, very watery diarrhea
- not killed with antibacterial rubs
- very common and contagious

23
Q

What are the body’s 3 defenses against infection?

A
  • Normal flora: (the microorganisms that live on another living organism without causing disease)
  • Inflammatory response
  • Immune response
24
Q

What are the 6 factors determining use of sterilization and disinfection methods?

A
  • nature of organisms present
  • # of organisms present
  • Type of equpiment
  • Intended use of equipment
  • Available means for sterilization and disinfection
  • Time
25
Q

3 types of transmission-based precautions:

A

airborne: spread through air. ex: chickenpox, TB, etc. PATIENTS SHOULD BE IN A NEG AIR PRESSURE ROOM.
droplet: can land on things, they are bigger. ex: rubella, mumps, adenovirus
contact: through touch. ex: MRSA, C. Diff

26
Q

What are the 2 categories of aseptic technique:

A

Medical asepsis: clean technique

Surgical asepsis: sterile technique

27
Q

Where is surgical asepsis used?

A
  • operating room, labor and delivery area
  • certain diagnostic testing areas
  • patient bedside ex; catheter
28
Q

Teaching Medical Asepsis at home:

A
  • wash foods
  • wash hands
  • cook foods completely
  • keep food refrigerated
  • wash hands after bathroom
29
Q

Evaluating Patient Goals: (4)

A
  • use techniques of medical asepsis
  • Identify health habits and lifestyle patterns promoting health
  • state signs and symptoms of an infection
  • Identify unsafe situations at home

Fundamentals 1 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions