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Fundamentals 1 > !! Ch. 34: Rest and Sleep > Flashcards

!! Ch. 34: Rest and Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of rest:

A

a decreased state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed.

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2
Q

Definition of sleep:

A
  • a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and relative inactivity.
  • a period of restoration of mental and physical function.
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3
Q

What is “wake” in the sleep-wake cycle?

A

Wakefulness is a time of mental activity and energy expenditure.

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4
Q

What does the Reticular activating system do?

A
  • it facilitates reflex and voluntary movements

- controls cortical activities related to state of alertness

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5
Q

What does the Bulbar synchronizing region do?

A

takes over and cause sleep

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6
Q

What is the control center for sleeping and waking?

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

How many NREM stages are there?

A
  • 1 and 2; 5-50% of sleep (light-sleep)

- 3 and 4; 10% of sleep (deep-sleep)

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8
Q

What is REM sleep and what happens during it?

A
  • Rapid Eye Movement
  • 20/25% of a person’s nightly sleep time
  • pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, metabolic rate, and body temperature increase; skeletal muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes are depressed
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9
Q

How does the sleep cycle work?

A

Goes from stage 1 to 4, then backwards. so from 4 to 3 to 2 to REM sleep (instead of 1) then back to NREM at stage 2 and then to 3 and 4 etc.

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10
Q

What factors affect sleep?

A
  • developmental considerations
  • motivation
  • culture
  • lifestyle and habits
  • environmental factors
  • psychological stress
  • Illness
  • medications
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11
Q

What are some illnesses associated with sleep disturbances?

A
  • Gastroesophageal reflux
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Epilepsy
  • liver failure and encephalitis
  • hypothyroidism
  • end-stage renal disease
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12
Q

What is Insomnia?

A
  • Characterized by difficulty falling asleep, intermittent sleep or difficulty maintaining sleep, despite adequate opportunity and circumstances to sleep.
  • 30 to 35 percent of adults
  • people with depression are more likely to get insomnia
  • related to disruptions in circadian rhythms.
  • may be short-term or chronic
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13
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

A

Characterized by 5+ predominantly obstructive respiratory events such as: the absence of breathing [apnea], diminished breathing efforts [hypopnea], respiratory effort-related arousals during sleep that are accompanied by sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, snoring, subjective nocturnal respiratory disturbance, and/or observed apnea and associated health disorders

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14
Q

Idiopathic hypErSomnia

A
  • Characterized by excessive sleep, particularly during the day.
  • BUT the nap doesn’t relieve the symptoms for hypersomnolence
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15
Q

What is Narcolepsy?

A
  • Characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and frequent overwhelming urges to sleep or inadvertent daytime lapses into sleep.
  • Up to 70% of people with narcolepsy also experience cataplexy, the sudden, involuntary loss of skeletal muscle tone lasting from seconds to one or two minutes.
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16
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

the sudden, involuntary loss of skeletal muscle tone lasting from seconds to one or two minutes.

17
Q

What are the primary causes of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders?

A
  • A sleep–wake disturbance
  • An alteration in the internal circadian timing system or misalignment between the internal circadian rhythm and the sleep–wake schedule
  • Associated distress or impairment, (chronic) lasting for a period of at least 3 months
18
Q

What is a Parasomnia and what are some?

A
  • a waking behavior during REM and NREM sleep that occur.
  • Ex: Somnambulism, REM sleep behavior disorder, sleep terrors, nightmare disorder, sleep enuresis, and sleep-related eating disorder.
19
Q

People with restless legs syndrome (RLS) :

A

cannot lie still and report unpleasant creeping, crawling, or tingling sensations in the legs.

20
Q

What’re examples of Nonpharmacologic treatments?

A

Tobacco, alcohol, Tylenol, Motrin, hot or cold application, relaxation techniques, magnesium, etc all done or taken before bed can help.

21
Q

What does a sedative do?

A

Slows down your brain activity

22
Q

What are hypnotics?

A

a sleep-inducing drug

23
Q

What are some sleep restrictions and sleep hygiene measures?

A

Restriction: Making sure you don’t sleep during the day so you will sleep at night
Hygiene: Making sure the TV is off, and that you don’t drink caffeine after a certain time etc

24
Q

What do you want to find out when obtaining a Sleep History?

A
  • Nature of problem
  • Cause of problem
  • Related signs and symptoms
  • When the problem began and how often it occurs
  • How the problem affects everyday living
  • Severity of the problem and how it can be treated
  • How the patient is coping with the problem and success of treatments attempted
25
Q

What are 5 sleep characteristics to assess?

A 
Restlessness 
Sleep postures 
Sleep activities 
Snoring 
Leg jerking
26
Q

What information is recorded in a sleep diary?

A
  • Time patient retires
  • Time patient tries to fall asleep
  • Approximate time patient falls asleep
  • Time of any awakening during the night and resumption of sleep
  • Time of awakening in morning
  • Presence of any stressors affecting sleep
  • Record of food, drink, or medication affecting sleep
  • Record of physical and mental activities
  • Record of activities performed 2 to 3 hours before bedtime
  • Presence of worries or anxieties affecting sleep
27
Q

What are some key findings of physical assessment?

A
  • Energy level
  • Facial characteristics
  • Behavioral characteristics
  • Physical data suggestive of sleep problems
28
Q

What are some common etiologies (cause) for Nursing Diagnoses?

A
  • Physical or emotional discomfort or pain
  • Changes in bedtime rituals or sleep environment
  • Disruption of circadian rhythm
  • Exercise and diet before sleep
  • Drug dependency and withdrawal
  • Symptoms of physical illness
29
Q

What are some nursing interventions to promote sleep?

A
  • Prepare a restful environment.
  • Promote bedtime rituals.
  • Offer appropriate bedtime snacks and beverages.
  • They say carbs are better to eat because they can help with sleep.
  • Promote relaxation and comfort.
  • Respect normal sleep–wake patterns.
  • Schedule nursing care to avoid disturbances.
  • Use medications to produce sleep.
  • Teach about rest and sleep

Fundamentals 1 (24 decks)

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