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Fundamentals 1 > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 parts to drug nomenclature?

A
  1. chemical name
  2. generic name
  3. official name
  4. pharmacopeia and national formulary (usually generic name)
  5. trade name
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2
Q

What are the 3 types of drug preparations?

A

Oral
Topical
Injectable

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3
Q

What is an elixir?

A

A medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavor.

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4
Q

What is a suspension?

A

a suspension contains finely divided, undissolved particles in a liquid medium.

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5
Q

What is a solution?

A

A drug dissolved in another substance.

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6
Q

What is a syrup?

A

A medication combined in a water and sugar solution.

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7
Q

How are drugs classified?

A

By the effect on the body system; chemical composition; clinical indication or therapeutic action.

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8
Q

What are the 2 primary classifications for drugs?

A

Pharmaceutical class: refers to the mechanism of action, physiologic effect, and chemical structure of the drug. What is it actually doing at the chemical level of your body. What is happening with cells, agonists, etc with the use of this drug.

Therapeutic class: refers to the clinic indication for the drug or therapeutic action. ex; analgesic (pain), antibiotic, or antihypertensive. what does the drug do? why is it given to people? Is it for pain, BP, etc.

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9
Q

Pharmacokinetics definition

A

Effect on the body from the drug

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10
Q

What are the 4 pharmacokinetics stages?

A

Absorption: From site of entry and how it gets to bloodstream
Distribution: Once it’s absorbed, how it is transported within the body.
Metabolism: How it changes from an active form of the drug and how it becomes the inactive form (how it is working)
Excretion: removal of the drug. ex; we use our lungs, feces, the skin, the liver, and kidneys to excrete things.

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11
Q

What are the routes of administration?

A

PO- slowest route, by mouth.

IV- fastest route because it goes directly into the bloodstream

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12
Q

What are some factors that affect absorption of medications?

A
  • The route it is administered
  • Lipid solubility
  • pH
  • Blood flow
  • Local conditions- like if theirs a burn or scar where you administer it
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13
Q

Pharmacodynamics definition:

A

the process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body

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14
Q

Side effects vs. Adverse drug effect

A

Side effects- a patient can live with, normal

adverse affects- unusual affects such as allergic reaction, toxic effect, drug intolerance, etc.

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15
Q

What are 3 factors that affect drug action?

A
  • older individuals metabolize drugs differently
  • kids mostly have medicine based on weight
  • psychological factors: given a placebo but they think it’s a real drug and is helping them
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16
Q

What are the 3 Drug Dose and Serum Drug Levels?

A
  • therapeutic range
  • trough level
  • half-life
17
Q

What is the therapeutic range?

A

centration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity

18
Q

What is the Trough and Peak level?

A
  • See if it’s at the right level bc maybe we can give this patient a higher dose, or our dose is too high and we need to lower it
  • Trough: the drug at its lowest concentration.
  • Peak: the drug is at its highest concentration.
19
Q

What is the half-life?

A

amount of time it takes for 50% of blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body

20
Q

Larger to smaller move decimal to the ___.

Smaller to larger move decimal to the ___.

A

Right

Left

21
Q

What’re the 4 types of medication orders?

A

Standing order: carried out until cancelled by another order
PPN: as needed order
Single or one-time order: like a person going into the OR and getting an antibiotic before they go in.
Stat order: carried out immediately

22
Q

What are the parts of a medication order?

A 
Patients name
Date and time
Name of drug
Dosage
Route
Frequency
Signature of person writing the order
23
Q

What is the Controlled Substances Required Information?

A
  • Name of patient receiving narcotic
  • Amount of narcotic used (like vicodin)
  • Hour narcotic was given
  • Name of nurse administering narcotic
  • Name of physician prescribing narcotic
  • Verify the count when giving narcotics - ex count how many are left when taking one out
24
Q

What are the 3 checks of medication administration?

A

Checking the:

  • Name of the person
  • Strength and dosage
  • Frequency
  • check against the Medical order, MAR, and the Medication container.
25
Q

What are the steps when you have a medication error?

A
  1. Assess the patient
  2. notify charge nurse/nurse manager
  3. write a description of the error and steps taken after you gave the wrong drug
  4. observe for effects on patient
  5. complete form used for reporting errors
26
Q

What are the 11 rights to medication administration?

A
  • medication
  • patient
  • dosage
  • route
  • time
  • reason
  • assessment data
  • documentation
  • response
  • education
  • refuse
27
Q

What’re 5 ways to identify a patient?

A
  • checking ID band
  • Validate the patient’s name (1st identifier)
  • Validate the patients ID #, medical record #, and Birth date (2nd identifier)
  • compare with MAR/CMAR
  • ask patient to state his/her name
28
Q

What are the 4 administrations of oral medications?

A
  • Oral route: having patient swallow drug
  • Enteral route: administering drug through an enteral tube
  • Sublingual administration: placing drug under tongue
  • Buccal administration: placing drug between tongue and cheek
29
Q

What are the 9 ways to administer parenteral meds?

A
  • Subcutaneous injection: subcutaneous tissue
  • Intramuscular injection: muscle tissue (uses z-track technique)
  • Intradermal injection: corium (under epidermis) (TB TEST!)
  • Intravenous injection: vein
  • Intra-arterial injection: artery
  • Intracardial injection: heart tissue
  • Intraperitoneal injection: peritoneal cavity
  • Intraspinal injection: spinal canal
  • Intraosseous injection: bone
30
Q

What are the angles of insertions for the following injections:

  • IM
  • SQ
  • ID
A

Intramuscular: 90 degrees

Subcutaneous: between 45-90 degrees

Intradermal: 5-15 degrees

31
Q

What’re the criteria for choosing injection materials?

A
  • Route
  • Viscosity (thickness) of solution
  • Quantity needed
  • Size of patient
  • Type of Med
32
Q

What are 4 sites for IM injections?

A

Ventrogluteal site
Vastus lateralis site
Deltoid muscle site
Dorsogluteal (NOT RECOMMENDED)

33
Q

Intradermal Injection facts:

A
  • Longest absorption time of all medication routes
  • A 25 to 27 gauge. 5 to 15 degrees
  • No more than 0.5 ml can be given dermally
  • Body’s reaction is easily visible bc you can see it
  • Sites common are the upper back, under the scapula, and forearm.
34
Q

The higher the gauge the __ the needle.

A

thinner

35
Q

SQ injection sites:

A
  • Administered into the adipose tissue layer just below the epidermis and dermis.
  • Outer aspect of the upper arm
  • Abdomen (from below the costal margin to the iliac crests)
  • The anterior aspects of the thigh
  • The upper back
  • The upper ventral or dorsogluteal area
36
Q

Effects of using IV administration of Meds:

A
  • Delivers the drug directly into the bloodstream
  • Medication has an immediate effect and cannot be recalled or actions slowed
  • Route most often used in emergency situations
37
Q

Types of Topical Administration of Medications:

A 
Skin applications
Eye instillations and irrigations
Nasal instillations
Vaginal applications
Rectal instillations
38
Q

What is included in the medical record documentation?

A
  • Name of medication
  • Dosage
  • Route and time of administration
  • Name of person administering medication
  • Site used for an injection
  • Intentional or inadvertently omitted drugs
  • Refused drugs
  • Medication errors
39
Q

What are some types of patient teaching when it comes to medicine?

A
  • tell them to expect every nurse to ask for their name and birthday
  • review techniques of med administration
  • remind them to take it for the time prescribed
  • tell them not to alter dosages without consulting a physician.
  • caution the patient to not share meds

Fundamentals 1 (24 decks)

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