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Question 1

Collective unconscious (Jung)

Answer 1

Believed we all had a personal unconsciousness but also believed we all sat within a collective unconsciousness.

Collective unconscious is things that we all know that are unrelated to our personal experience but are because we inherited it over thousands of years.

Question 2

Archetypes (Jung)

Answer 2

Anima/animus

Wise old man = mentor

Trickster = god who leads us to wisdom but can’t be trusted)

Persona = mask we present to the world

Creator and destroyer (intertwining of man and woman)

These characters part of all of us.

All put together represents a mandala (whole self)

Question 3

Black books (Jung)

Answer 3

7 private journals.

Diary about visions he was having and how he was going to develop insight – voluntary entry into hallucination.

Became more real = auditory, tactile and automatic speech

Question 4

Red books

Answer 4

Visions stopped and he wrote a book about them.

He described all the visions he had to try and understand what psychosis was like and what it was.

He had psychosis but faced it and came out of it fine by facing it.

Question 5

Hero of a thousand faces (Campbell)

Answer 5

Jungian analyst.

A book about journey from obscurity to wholeness.

Question 6

Andreason (1987)

Answer 6

30 writers and 30 controls

Writers were:
3x more likely to have mood disorders
4x bipolar
4.5x alcoholic

Seemed to run in families

Question 7

Jamison (1989)

Answer 7

16% poets treated for bipolar

55% poets treated for mood disorder

62% playwrights treated for mood disorder

Periods of high creative productivity correspond with hypomania.

60% felt moods were important to their creativity

Question 8

Richards & Kinney (1988)

Answer 8

Tested cyclothymics, manic depressives, 1st relatives and controls on Lifetime Creativity Scale

Cyclothymics and relatives more creative than controls

Manic depressives were the lowest on creativity

Suggests that too much of it is bad but a little bit increases creativity

Question 9

Collins (schizotypy)

Answer 9

High creativity correlated with high schizotypy

Schizotypy improves creativity but schizophrenia reduces it.

Question 10

Loose associations

Answer 10

Schizotypal thinking.

Thinking outside the box.

Unusual responses on Word Association test.

Question 11

Over inclusive thinking

Answer 11

Seen in bipolar and schizophrenia.

Things are seen as related that normal people wouldn’t think of.

Newton realising apple falling = gravity.

Question 12

Apophenia

Answer 12

Seeing meaningful patterns when they aren’t there.

Underlies superstition, conspiracy theories etc.

Exaggerated by schizotypy personalities (increased dopamine).

Contribute to creativity and madness

Question 13

Latent inhibition (Eysenck and Collins)

Answer 13

The ability of the brain to screen out irrelevant information

Poor LI associated with schizophrenia and schizotypy

Also associated with originality by over inclusive activation of associational networks

Question 14

Collins (eminent creative achievers)

Answer 14

Score of 12+ in Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ).

Controls: CAQ scores < 5

Eminent achievers 7 times more likely to have low LI.

Question 15

LI and protective factors

Answer 15

Protective factors, such as high IQ:

Psychosis-proneness may confer an advantage in increased ability to make novel and original associations that may lead to creativity.
achievements

Question 16

Lucia Joyce

Answer 16

Modern dancer but became aggressive and self-destructive and was committed to an asylum.

Doubted she could be schizophrenic because her thought patterns were similar to her father.

Jungsaid father and daughter were two people at the bottom of the river:

“James had dived there, whereas Lucia had fallen”.