S1W4PostFreu

Question 1

Anna Freud

Answer 1

Concept of ‘developmental lines’

Movement from id to ego (mastery of internal/external world)

Still allows for regression:
 Sucking to eating
 Bowel/bladder control

Question 2

Melanie Klein Drives

Answer 2

The death drive:

Important, especially in infancy.

Responsible for envy

Unlike Freud, drives attach to specific objects

First envied object: the mother’s breast

Rejecting breast becomes hated object

Question 3

Klein Defense Mechanisms

Answer 3

Mental representations of reality formed in infancy structure adult experience.

Infancy, taking in/pushing out
Adult: introjection/projection

Splitting:
Good/bad breast: envy is overwhelming, so splitting helps to cope

Later in life, recurs when personal boundaries threatened (e.g. crowds)

Question 4

Donald Winnicott

Answer 4

Object relations

Transitional object that represents mother when absent.

Mother/child bond important for stability

When mother anxious child develops false self to meet her needs rather than its own desires

Importance of symbolic space for creativity and ‘object permanence’.

Question 5

Freud vs. object relations

Answer 5

1. Freud 2. Object relations

Governed by drives = seek objects to form relationsips.

Individual theory = social theory

Sexuality focus = intimacy focus

Libido as pleasure seeking = libido as object seeking (Fairbarn)

Question 6

Lacan Imaginary Order

Answer 6

Child presented with specular image of self – first idea of self as coherent entity

This is a false image (mirror is only reflection)

Marks the arrival of the ego

Can lead to unrealistic expectations (about wholeness e.g. true love)

Question 7

Lacan Symbolic Order

Answer 7

Language essential to

We become subjected to language, it is not ours

Not just a representation of inner desires/truth

Language is performative, it does things and creates meaning

Question 8

Lacan Real Order

Answer 8

What cannot be symbolised

What loses reality once explained through language etc.

Question 9

Lacan’s reworking of ego and superego

Answer 9

Mirror image as (other a) ideal-ego (what I would like to be)

o Initially the self, later any object of desire

Watched over by the Big Other (A), or the ego-ideal: (who I seek to impress)

o Initially the mother, later the ‘symbolic order’ – language, culture, law