S1W11-Minor

Question 1

Consistency motive (self concept motive)

Answer 1

Desire for coherence/favourable evaluation of self.

Cognitive consistency theories

Question 2

Normative motive

Answer 2

Desire for good relations with others

Question 3

Informational motive (accuracy motive)

Answer 3

Desire to be correct/understand something.

When it is emphasised MI is most powerful:

• Valuing of novel solutions
• Unexpected character of minority
• Lack of ulterior motive

Question 4

Peripheral route processing (obstacle):

Answer 4

Less likely to process minority group arguments deeply

Motivated cognition – easy to dismiss challenging opinions

Question 5

Consensus judgement

Answer 5

More likely to agree with the group you belong to, especially in uncertainty.

Question 6

Obstacles to MI

Answer 6

Peripheral processing

Conflicting group norms

Social pressure

Consensus judgement

Question 7

Conflicting group norms

Answer 7

My friend might hate me if I believe the minority

Question 8

Genetic Model

Answer 8

Create change in society by creating conflict.

Success relies on:
•	Consistency
•	Investment
•	Autonomy
•	Balanced approach

Question 9

Blue-Green study (Moscovici)

Answer 9

4 participants 2 actors

Shown blue slide.

Consistent:
• 8.4% usually said green
• 32% said green once

Inconsistent :
• 1.25% said green

Control: no confederates
• No one said green

Consistency increases minority influence.

Question 10

Investment

Answer 10

Successful minorities demonstrate commitment to their positions.

Question 11

Autonomy

Answer 11

Successful minorities are not seen as having an ulterior motive

Question 12

Balanced approach

Answer 12

Inflexible = irrational and less credible

Minority must appear open minded.

Question 13

Dual process model (1980)

Answer 13

Modification of genetic theory AKA conversion theory.

Majority influence is passive – takes little effort to go along with majority view.

Minority influence requires conversion – takes time and effort.

Question 14

Compliance vs. Conversion

Answer 14

Majority: public compliance

Minority: private conversion

Question 15

Validation process

Answer 15

Evidence from minority takes time to be considered.

Takes a while to produce attitude change.

Supported by intense cognitive processing (central persuasion).

Support from majority leaders is a key factor.

Question 16

Maass and Clark (1988) LGBT

Answer 16

Heterosexuals more convinced by gay rights when it was delivered by a straight confederate.

Question 17

Deviant ingroup member

Answer 17

Someone in your ingroup that holds a different opinion to the group.

Deviant outgroup members are also more persuasive (atypical of their group).

Question 18

Social impact theory

Answer 18

Size of minority compared to majority is important.

Larger the minority, the more influence

Question 19

Leniency contract

Answer 19

Rather than accepting the minority view, the majority may just tolerate it

Question 20

Focal (direct) vs. peripheral (indirect) attitude change

Answer 20

Minority influence often changes views on peripheral, rather than focal, attitudes.

Change to the focal belief may come later.

Question 21

Alvaro & Crano (1997)

Answer 21

Persuasive communication regarding a ban on gay soldiers has influence on gun control.

People began to think they didn’t believe other issues even though it didn’t change their views on the central one.

Question 22

Indirect vs. Direct influence

Answer 22

Explicit arguments result in negative processing due to the low status of the minority group.

Indirect measures are not explicitly associated with the minority position, so do not suffer from this issue.

Question 23

Boomerang effect

Answer 23

Poor attempts at minority influence can backfire, causing the recipient to align themselves against the minority position.

Question 24

Active advocacy

Answer 24

Persuader aware of popularity of his opinion, and sets out to convince others.

Works better for minority influence (improves attention and argument quality).

Question 25

Passive advocacy

Answer 25

Persuader has no idea how people feel and is less explicitly trying to persuade others

Question 26

Social cryptoamnesia

Answer 26

While a minority may be the source of a particular social change, this is often forgotten by society

Question 27

After MI

Answer 27

Minority becomes majority, and the people that stayed with the majority become the minority.

The new minority group de-identifies themselves with broader social group that both are part of.