russia chapter 4

Question 1

What significant political changes did Alexander II implement in Finland?

Answer 1

Created a Finnish Parliament (the Diet) in 1863 and a Finnish Constitution in 1865.

Question 2

What actions did Nicholas II take regarding Finland?

Answer 2

Made Bobrikov the Governor General of Finland, fully absorbed Finland into the Russian Empire, banned the Finnish Army, and made Russian the main language.

Question 3

When was Bobrikov assassinated?

Answer 3

Bobrikov was assassinated on 17 June 1904.

Question 4

What happened to Finland in 1905 after the Revolution?

Answer 4

Finland was granted autonomy, which was rescinded in 1906.

Question 5

When did Finland gain independence?

Answer 5

Finland was granted independence under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on 3rd March 1918.

Question 6

What event was known as the Pork Mutiny?

Answer 6

In 1922, Red Army soldiers crossed the border into Finland and looted properties.

Question 7

What was the outcome of Stalin’s invasion of Finland?

Answer 7

Stalin invaded Finland on 30 November 1939, leading to around 160,000 Soviet deaths in the Winter War (1939-1940).

Question 8

What was the result of the Continuation War?

Answer 8

In 1941, the Finnish invaded the USSR, resulting in 300,000 Soviet deaths.

Question 9

What treaty did Finland sign with the USSR in 1948?

Answer 9

Finland signed a Treaty of Friendship with the USSR, gaining neutrality status.

Question 10

What social changes occurred under Nicholas II in Finland?

Answer 10

The Orthodox Church’s power was strengthened, censorship was tightened, and Russian became the administrative language.

Question 11

What was the impact of Stalin’s policies on the Ukrainian population?

Answer 11

Stalin had 450,000 Soviets killed in two separate wars with Finland, while the Finns lost around 120,000.

Question 12

What significant actions did Alexander II take regarding the Ukrainian language?

Answer 12

Abolished Ukrainian Sunday schools in 1862, declared the Ukrainian language did not exist in 1863, and made it illegal to publish books in Ukrainian in 1876.

Question 13

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk for Ukraine?

Answer 13

It marked Ukrainian independence on 3rd March 1918 but resulted in the loss of 1/3 of agricultural land.

Question 14

What was the Holodomor famine?

Answer 14

The Holodomor famine between 1932-33 killed 7 million Ukrainians and is seen as a punishment for Ukrainian peasants.

Question 15

What happened to the Baltic States under Stalin?

Answer 15

The Baltic States were invaded in 1939 and absorbed into the USSR.

Question 16

What was the impact of WWII on the Baltic States’ populations?

Answer 16

Estimates of wartime population loss stand at 25 percent for Estonia, 30 percent for Latvia, and 15 percent for Lithuania.

Question 17

What political changes occurred in Georgia under Lenin?

Answer 17

Georgia gained independence in 1920 but was invaded by the Red Army on February 25, 1921.

Question 18

What actions did Alexander III take against Jews?

Answer 18

Sent some Jews in Moscow and St Petersburg to the Pale in 1891.May 1882 laws - 4000 killed in pogroms

Question 19

What was the Jewish Doctors Plot?

Answer 19

In August 1952, 15 influential Jews were executed, accused of plotting against Stalin.

Question 20

What was the significance of the Virgin Land Campaign?

Answer 20

It alienated locals from their land in Central Asia.

Question 21

What was the outcome of the Russo-Japanese War?

Answer 21

It led to Soviet influence in Manchuria and the establishment of a peace treaty with the KMT in 1924.

Question 22

What happened to Korea after Japanese control ended in 1945?

Answer 22

Korea was divided on the 38th parallel, leading to a permanent division due to US and USSR animosity.