russia chapter 4 Flashcards
What significant political changes did Alexander II implement in Finland?
Created a Finnish Parliament (the Diet) in 1863 and a Finnish Constitution in 1865.
What actions did Nicholas II take regarding Finland?
Made Bobrikov the Governor General of Finland, fully absorbed Finland into the Russian Empire, banned the Finnish Army, and made Russian the main language.
When was Bobrikov assassinated?
Bobrikov was assassinated on 17 June 1904.
What happened to Finland in 1905 after the Revolution?
Finland was granted autonomy, which was rescinded in 1906.
When did Finland gain independence?
Finland was granted independence under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on 3rd March 1918.
What event was known as the Pork Mutiny?
In 1922, Red Army soldiers crossed the border into Finland and looted properties.
Stalin’s invasion of Finland
30 November 1939,
leading to around 160,000 Soviet deaths in the Winter War (1939-1940).
What was the result of the Continuation War with finland?
In 1941, the Finnish invaded the USSR, resulting in 300,000 Soviet deaths.
What treaty did Finland sign with the USSR in 1948?
Finland signed a Treaty of Friendship with the USSR, gaining neutrality status.
What social changes occurred under Nicholas II in Finland?
The Orthodox Church’s power was strengthened, censorship was tightened, and Russian became the administrative language.
What significant actions did Alexander II take regarding the Ukrainian language?
Abolished Ukrainian Sunday schools in 1862, declared the Ukrainian language did not exist in 1863, and made it illegal to publish books in Ukrainian in 1876.
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk for Ukraine?
It marked Ukrainian independence on 3rd March 1918 but resulted in the loss of 1/3 of agricultural land.
What was the Holodomor famine?
The Holodomor famine between 1932-33 killed 7 million Ukrainians and is seen as a punishment for Ukrainian peasants.
What happened to the Baltic States under Stalin?
The Baltic States were invaded in 1939 and absorbed into the USSR.
What was the impact of WWII on the Baltic States’ populations?
Estimates of wartime population loss stand at 25 percent for Estonia, 30 percent for Latvia, and 15 percent for Lithuania.
Lenin invades Georgia
Georgia gained independence in 1920 but was invaded by the Red Army on February 25, 1921.
What actions did Alexander III take against Jews?
Sent some Jews in Moscow and St Petersburg to the Pale in 1891.May 1882 laws - 4000 killed in pogroms
What was the Jewish Doctors Plot?
In August 1952, 15 influential Jews were executed, accused of plotting against Stalin.
What was the significance of the Virgin Land Campaign?
It alienated locals from their land in Central Asia.
What was the outcome of the Russo-Japanese War?
It led to Soviet influence in Manchuria and the establishment of a peace treaty with the KMT in 1924.
What happened to Korea after Japanese control ended in 1945?
Korea was divided on the 38th parallel, leading to a permanent division due to US and USSR animosity.
Polish crisis
22nd january 1863
Riots for independnence and nationalism among nobility
80000 killed
200000 exiled
Russo polish war
1920 - over 3000000 poles invade
60 000 soviets killed
Russo polish war peace treaty
March 16th 1920
Have to concede land to Ukraine and Belarus - is a humiliation
Wielkopolski’s actions
1861 head of religion/education in Russian gov – but is polish
aims to being liberal reform e.g.) land policy/emancipation/ moderate autonomy
nationalists see him as a Russian apologist
By summer 1862 – growing polish nationalism – meetings/demonstration
Stalin inavdes poland
September 15th 1939.
In 1940, the NKVD executed 22000 Polish Army Officers in the Katlyn Forest.
Stalin let the Polish Home Army be defeat the Nazis in the Warsaw Uprising in 1943.- as entered poland july 24th, planned radio uprising augusrt 2nd but bailed out
Set up national liberation comitee - Gov in exile cannot return
Further Losses Finland
450000 Soviets killed in two separate wars with Finland.
The Finns lost around 120000.
Oppression of ukranians
Stalin had all Kobzars (a type of Ukrainian folk singer) executed in 1932.
6-18 million Ukrainian kuhlaks deported
