Alex 11 interpretation

Question 1

Emancipation edict

Answer 1

3rd march 1861. 23 million are freed

Question 2

Bezdna revolt

Answer 2

April 12th 1861 riot
Petrov killed may 1st 1861
500000 riot
led by Antonm Petrov the illiterate peasant
91 killed

Question 3

Zemvsta act

Answer 3

January 1, 1864
74% nobility who sit

Question 4

School board

Answer 4

1870. Reforms brings 23000 schools by 1880

Question 5

Populists

Answer 5

Chernyshevsky leader
Ideological novel What Is to Be Done? (1863),

Question 6

Going to the people

Answer 6

Summer 1873-4
4000 students go
Faliure =by the autumn of 1874, more than a thousand arrests had been made.

Question 7

Police

Answer 7

1880 - further reforms as 3rd section is replaced with the okranha. is ‘softer’

Question 8

Censorship Act

Answer 8

January 1, 1865

The government published its own newspaper: Ruskii.
300 newspapers by end of reign
1836 books were published in 1864.
The first Russian translation of Karl Marx’s Das Kapital was published in 1872.

Question 9

Judicial Reforms act

Answer 9

20th November 1864
-introduction of jury trials
-could be guilty but not punished
-500 courts are established

Question 10

Millitary reforms

Answer 10

-Conscription was 25 years for serfs
-Reduced to 6
-1874 - conscription same for all social classes
-corporal punishment’s in millitary banned

Question 11

Land and liberty

Answer 11

Formed in 1876
Still aim to educate peasants

Question 12

Peoples will

Answer 12

Formed in 1879
December 1879 assassination attempt on Tsar Alexander II

Question 13

Palace bomb

Answer 13

March 3rd 1880 bomb winter palace - 11 killed

Question 14

Assassination

Answer 14

13th march 1881 is killed

Question 15

Attempts on life

Answer 15

5 attempts on his life 1866-1881

Question 16

Economic refroms

Answer 16

Build 13000 miles of railway – 7x increase

2194 miles were opened in 1862, by 1878 13979 miles were opened.

Russia’s economy grew by 6% a year under Reutern.

By 1880, 94% of Russian railways were owned by private companies.

Depression in eurpoe doesnt impact

Question 17

Business reforms

Answer 17

Encourages foreign businesses eg) Ludwig loop from Manchester developed the Russian textile industry, built 154 factories and equipped 187 factories.

The Nobel brothers from Norway invested in oil-wells in Baku

JJ Hughes from Wales established the New Russian, Coal, Iron and Railmaking Company

By 1884 largest producer

Question 18

Education reforms

Answer 18

Found only 7% army was literatre

1864 -Zemstva are put in charge of new education and school boards. As a result, school places rose.

1870, a minister of education was created and took the role off the Zemstva. The government could employee and sack teachers and inspect schools.

Question 19

Real gymnasia

Answer 19

1855-1865 the number of students in secondary education doubled.

23000 schools in Russia by 1880.

Universities were given more autonomy in 1863

Question 20

Jews

Answer 20

1861 can leave pale and work

Question 21

Zemvstas

Answer 21

January 1, 1864
Over 40 across russia

Question 22

Emancipation in Poland

Answer 22

January 22, 1864
one million peasants benefited from this reform.

Question 23

Polish revolt

Answer 23

June 22nd 1863
80000 killed

Question 24

Education acts

Answer 24

Education reform act; April 23, 1863
The School Statute of 1864

Question 25

Summary of Dates

Answer 25

Emancipation of the Serfs:
march 3, 1861

Judicial Reforms (Statutes): November 20, 1864

Zemstvo Reform: January 1, 1864

Military Reforms: January 1, 1874

Education Reforms (School Statutes): April 23, 1863

(Secondary), January 1864 (Primary)

Censorship Reforms: January 1, 1865

Polish Uprising and Repression: January 22, 1863 (Uprising
begins), 1864 (Crushed), 1867 (Poland’s autonomy abolished)

Tsar Alexander II’s
Assassination: March 13, 1881

Question 26

Legal reform

Answer 26

1876: The government started to implement a new Civil Code