living conditions/ working conditions Flashcards

1
Q

A11 housing

A

Up to 3 families a room
St. Petersburg the population grew from around 1.1 million to over 1.4 million by 1880
St. Petersburg, an estimated 60% of factory workers lived in company-owned barracks

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2
Q

Alex 111 housing

A

5–10 people sharing a single room
1892 Cholera Epidemic; 400,000 deaths

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3
Q

N11 housing

A

1900 15% of Russians lived in cities, compared to 80% in the UK and 40% in the USA.

The first census was in 1897 (little information about urban living conditions before).

Between 1897 and 1914 the populations of Riga and Kiev doubled.

A cholera out-break in St. Petersburg killed 100,000 in 1910. In 1911 a sewerage system was built

1914 there were 1000 towns containing 2 million buildings.

Over half were made of wood.

74 towns had electricity, 35 had gas and 38 had a sewerage system.

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4
Q

Lenin Housing

A

The Decree on State Nov 8th 1917 banned private property.

Apartments were handed out to the workers. This did solve the housing crisis in the cities, but temporarily.

60% of urban dwellers in kommunalkas
individual rooms ranging from 4 to 5.5 square meters
25 million housing units

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5
Q

Stalin housing

A

Living in shared apartments was the norm.

In the 1930s 25% of Moscow families lived in 1 room shared with 2 other families.

5% of Moscow lived in a bathroom or hallway.

The average living space was 8.5m2 in 1905, by 1935 it was 5.8m2.

– ww2 25 million left homesless

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6
Q

Kruschev Housing

A

Between 1955-1964 the housing stock doubled.

108 million moved to new apartments.
6 million kurshevas

The average apartment size was 30m2.

  • Most peasants lived in a single-room wooden hut called a izba.

Stalin and Khrushchev both planned to improve rural housing, but neither did.

Deported kulaks slept in tents.

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7
Q

Alex 11 work

A

12 to 16

.A survey conducted in the late 1870s indicated that about 60% of workers reported unsafe working conditions in factories.

1860, there were about 1 million factory workers; by 1890, this number had grown to approximately 3 200% increase
15000 to 35000 factories

10 to 20 kopecks per day, which was barely enough to support a family.

30% under 15

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8
Q

Alex 111 work

A

Jan 7-17th Morzdov works stirke – 100000 strike. 19 killed
Bans children under 12 from working in factories in 1882.

Introduces factory inspectors in 1882.

A survey conducted in 1896 revealed that around 60% of workers reported working more than 12 hours daily.

Over 300 recorded strikes across various industries.

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9
Q

N11 work

A

9-10 hour working day normal in 1914.

A workers insurance scheme was set up in 1912 (pay wages if injured).

average wages for factory workers were approximately 1 ruble per day

skilled workers earned between 2 to 3 rubles per day

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10
Q

Lenin Work

A

november 27th 1917 - decree on workers control

The Rabkrin (Workers’ Inspectorate) was set up in 1920 to improve conditions. Has no power.

The New Work Discipline fined workers for mistakes. A fine of 10% of your wages was common.

Workers were shot if anti-revolutionary.

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11
Q

Stalin Work

A

12 hours in 1932.

During the First Five Year Plan (1928-32) wages fell by 50%.

Piece-rate system of pay introduced. Paid based on what you produced in a day.
Dec 26th/25th days of industrialisation

Stakhanovite Movement encouraged hard work.

The introduction of the continuous working week (nepreryvka) in 1929 further exacerbated this issue by eliminating common rest days

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12
Q

Krushev work

A

7 hour working day introduced in 1958.

In 1954 wages rose about what they were in the 1920s.

June 2nd 1962 – Novockeasr riots. 23 killed

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