RNA and the Genetic Code

Question 1

states that DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated to protein

Answer 1

central dogma

Question 2

point mutations with no effect on protein synthesis

Answer 2

silent

Question 3

point mutations that produce a premature stop codon

Answer 3

nonsense

Question 4

point mutations that produce a codon that codes for a different amino acid

Answer 4

missense

Question 5

type of RNA:
carries the message from DNA in the nucleus via transcription of the gene; it travels into the cytoplasm to be translated

Answer 5

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 6

type of RNA:

brings in amino acids and recognizes the codon on the mRNA using its anticodon

Answer 6

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 7

type of RNA:

makes up the ribosome and is enzymatically active

Answer 7

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 8

site of translation (protein synthesis)

Answer 8

ribosomes

Question 9

stages of translation

Answer 9

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 10

translation:
small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA (Shine-Delgarna sequence in 5’ untranslated in prokaryotes and 5’ cap in eukaryotes); initiator rRNA binds to start codon in P site of ribosome, forming methionine; large ribosomal subunit binds forming complete initiation complex

Answer 10

initiation

Question 11

translation:

three step cycle repeated for each amino acid added to protein after initiator methionine; three binding sites: ___

Answer 11

elongation (APE)

Question 12

translation:
occurs when any of the three stop codons moves into the A site; a protein called release factor (RF) places a water molecule on the polypeptide chain and thus releases the protein

Answer 12

termination