Bioenergetics and Regulation of Metabolism Flashcards
ATP is a ___-level energy molecule
mid-level
ATP provides energy through ___ and ___ to energetically unfavorable reactions
hydrolysis and coupling
ATP can also participate in ____ as a phosphate donor
phosphoryl group transferases
metabolic state:
an undesirable state for most biochemical reactions because organisms need to harness free energy to survive
equilibrium
metabolic state:
insulin secretion is high and anabolic metabolism prevails
postprandial/well-fed (absorptive) state
metabolic state:
insulin secretion decreases while glucagon and catecholamine secretion increases with transition to catabolic metabolism; observed in short term fasting (overnight)
postabsorptive (fasting) state
metabolic state:
dramatically increases glucagon and catecholamine secretion; most tissues rely on fatty acids; at max, 2/3 of the brain’s energy can be derived from ketone bodies
prolonged fasting (starvation)
have opposing activities during most aspects of metabolism
insulin and glucagon
causes a decrease in blood glucose levels by increasing cellular uptake; increases the rate of anabolic metabolism
insulin
increases blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver
glucagon