Bioenergetics and Regulation of Metabolism

Question 1

ATP is a ___-level energy molecule

Answer 1

mid-level

Question 2

ATP provides energy through ___ and ___ to energetically unfavorable reactions

Answer 2

hydrolysis and coupling

Question 3

ATP can also participate in ____ as a phosphate donor

Answer 3

phosphoryl group transferases

Question 4

metabolic state:

an undesirable state for most biochemical reactions because organisms need to harness free energy to survive

Answer 4

equilibrium

Question 5

metabolic state:

insulin secretion is high and anabolic metabolism prevails

Answer 5

postprandial/well-fed (absorptive) state

Question 6

metabolic state:
insulin secretion decreases while glucagon and catecholamine secretion increases with transition to catabolic metabolism; observed in short term fasting (overnight)

Answer 6

postabsorptive (fasting) state

Question 7

metabolic state:
dramatically increases glucagon and catecholamine secretion; most tissues rely on fatty acids; at max, 2/3 of the brain’s energy can be derived from ketone bodies

Answer 7

prolonged fasting (starvation)

Question 8

have opposing activities during most aspects of metabolism

Answer 8

insulin and glucagon

Question 9

causes a decrease in blood glucose levels by increasing cellular uptake; increases the rate of anabolic metabolism

Answer 9

insulin

Question 10

increases blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver

Answer 10

glucagon