Biological Membranes

Question 1

primary membrane component, both my mass and mole fraction

Answer 1

lipids (triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, cholesterol, waxes)

Question 2

act as transporters, cell adhesion molecules, and enzymes within the cell membrane

Answer 2

proteins

Question 3

can form a protective glycoprotein coat around the cell membrane and also function in cell recognition

Answer 3

carbohydrates

Question 4

cell-cell junctions:

allow for rapid exchange of ions and other small molecules between adjacent cells

Answer 4

gap junctions

Question 5

cell-cell junctions:
prevent solutes from leaking into the space between cells via a paracellular route, but do not provide intercellular transport like gap junctions

Answer 5

tight junctions

Question 6

cell-cell junctions:

bind adjacent cells by anchoring to their cytoskeletons; anchor layers of epithelial tissue together

Answer 6

desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

Question 7

membrane transport:
does not require energy because the molecule is moving down its concentration gradient or from an area with higher concentration to an area with lower concentration

Answer 7

passive transport

Question 8

passive transport:
does not require a transporter; small, nonpolar molecules passively move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is achieved

Answer 8

simple diffusion

Question 9

passive transport:

uses transport proteins to move impermeable solutes across the cell membrane

Answer 9

facilitated diffusion

Question 10

membrane transport:

requires energy in the form or ATP or an existing favorable ion gradient

Answer 10

active transport