resuscitation level 1 Flashcards
define cardiac arrest
heart stops pumping blood around the body
what does CPR stand for
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
what are the key features of cardiac arrest
unconscious, unresponsive and not breathing normally.
what do u tell the dispatcher on the phone with a cardiac arrest patient?
- Be clear about the help required: Suspected cardiac arrest
- State whom/what you want: Resuscitation team in a hospital, otherwise an ambulance
- Be clear about the location: Where are you, for example room, floor, building, etc
- Ask for a defibrillator, otherwise known as an automated external defibrillator or AED
what are the 5 things to do when u find someone unconscious?
- check for danger
- check for a response
- shout for help
- open their airway
- call for help
what 5 things to do when you find someone choking
- encourage coughing when can
- slap it out
- squeeze it out
- call for help
- CPR if unconscious
what is the ABCDE approach
- airway
- breathing
- circulation
- disability
- exposure
what are 2 communication structures used for handing over patients
SBAR - situation, background, assessment and reccomendation
RSVP - reason, story, vital signs and plan
explain each section of SBAR
situation - (introduce urself and check ur speaking to right person, identify patient and state pleaded advice)
background - ( patient info, reason for admission, relevant medical history)_
assessment - ( any specific observations using ABCDE method, state early warning score (NEWS))
recommendation - ( state what u want the person to do, what and when)
what does NEWS stand for
national early warning system
what is NEWS
early warning system which standardises the assessment and level of response of acutely ill patients
Remember to include the NEWS2 score in your SBAR or RSVP when referring a patient
what score on the NEWS system indicated urgent care
3
what is the chain of survival
series of actions that increases the chances of a patient surviving a cardiac arrest.
what are the 4 steps in the chain of survival
- early recognition and call for help
- early CPR
- early defibrillation (within 3 mins of cardiac arrest)
- post resuscitation care
what are the 8 things to do when you find patient with no signs of life
- approach with care
- shout for help
- open airway
- call for help
- CPR
- rescue breaths
- continue CPR
- AED
how should you deal with an unconscious patient with a neck breather
- Head tilt and chin lift
- Observe the tracheostomy tube/permanent stoma site for patency and remove any potential obstruction
- Check breathing for up to 10 seconds
in patients with neck breathers (unconscious)
- check chest movement
- listen for opening of tracheostomy tube for movement of air
- feel opening of tube sit
what specific movement of a pregnant lady is needed before CPR and why
uterus may compress the inferior vena cava and thus decrease venous return.
It is therefore recommended that the uterus be manually displaced to the woman’s left side.
It can be difficult to get breaths into the woman as the enlarged abdomen will put pressure on the diaphragm and the stomach. Intubation should be carried out by a trained professional/doctor who is competent in this skill as soon as possible. If the patient is intubated, then chest compressions should be performed continuously until instructed to stop by the AED or cardiac arrest team leader.
When attaching AED pads you must:
Cut off the clothes to expose the chest
Dry the chest of any fluids
Move jewellery out of the way
Remove any drug patches
Check for pacemakers (if the pacemaker is on the right-hand side, place pads front and back)
Place the first pad on the patient’s upper right side, just below their collarbone as shown on the pad
Place the second pad on the left mid-axillary line as indicated by the picture on the pad. Breast tissue should be avoided. Make sure you position the pad lengthways, with the long side in line with the length of their body
Chest compressions should continue whilst pads are applied
how would you resuscitate infants under one?
- head in neutral position
- 5 initial rescue breaths, 2 of which must be successful before compressions
- check airway clear, head and chin position, good seal
- no signs of life then 2 fingers to compress chest by 4cm over centre/lower 3rd sternum
- continue BLS for 1 min as help comes
how do u resuscitate a kid above 1
- slight head tilt and chin life
- 5 initial rescue breaths, 2 successful before compressions
- clear airway, head and chin position, good seal
- no signs of life then use 1 or 2 hands to compress chest by at least 5cm over centre/lower third of sternum
- continue for 1 min calling for help
what does DNACPR stand for
do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation order
what does ReSPECT stand for
recommend summary plan for emergency care and treatment
what is ReSPECT
process which creates individualised recommendations for a person’s clinical care in emergency situations.
What are possible early signs of breathing difficulty in newborns?
- grunting
- deteriorating saturations
- recession
Pink, good tone, breathing regularly with a fast heart rate - Dry, cover, give to mum and observe
Blue, good tone, irregular breathing with a fast heart rate - Dry, wrap, position airway, reassess
White, floppy, not breathing, slow heart rate below 60 beats per minute - Dry, wrap, position airway, five inflation breaths, reassess, consider calling for help
what are the 4 ways babies can lose heat
Newborn babies lose heat by evaporation from wet skin surface, convection from air currents and drafts, conduction from contact with cold surfaces and radiation to cooler environments.
what is the first preventative step in heat loss in newborns
- dry and wrap in dry towels
what order of management should a midwife undergo if baby is blue, floppy with irregular respirations
Call for help (based on assessment)
Dry and wrap the baby
Assess the colour, tone, breathing and heart rate
Initiate airway management
what equipment is used to visualise the oropharynx in a newborn
laryngoscope
