Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RAD 411 > dental radiography > Flashcards

dental radiography Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 parts/sections of a tooth

A

crown
neck
root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the structure of a tooth (what makes up a tooth going from exterior to interior)

A
  • enamel
  • dentin (underneath enamel)
  • pulp cavity (centre of tooth)
  • root canals (going from pulp cavity down into gum)
  • cementum ( calcified connective tissue covering the outer surface of the root of the tooth and provides a medium for insertion of periodontal ligament fibers)
  • nerve and blood vessels (through the bony part of jaw)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which junction of the tooth is found at the neck of the tooth

A

cementoenamel junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what alveolar process is found by the tooth of the upper canine and the tooth of the lower pre molar

A
  • near upper canine = maxillary alveolar process
  • near lower premolar = mandibular alveolar process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an alveolar process

A

the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 4 different type of teeth

A
  • incisors
  • canines
  • pre molars
  • molars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many teeth do children have compared to adults on a singular jaw

A

kids = 10
adults = 16 (including wisdom)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are milk teeth also known as

A

deciduous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the most common form of dental notation

A

palmer dental notation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

besides the palmer dental notation, what are 2 other forms of dental notation

A
  • FDI world dental notation
  • universal numbering system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 4 dental orientations

A
  • buccal (towards cheeks)
  • lingual (towards tongue)
  • mesial (towards midline)
  • distal (away from midline)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 2 categories of teeth used by dentists

A
  • incisal (incisors +canine)
  • occlusal (pre molars +molars)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 4 common positioning planes used in dental radiography

A
  • Frankfort plane
  • ala-tragus plane
  • midsaggital line
  • inter pupillary line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the Frankfort plane

A

horizontal line going from the lower orbital margin across to the EAM/ tragus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the ala-tragus plane

A

diagonal line going from the ala of the nose (bottom side of nose) across through the tragus/EAM of ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the posterior occlusal plane

A

parallel to the ala-tragus plane, passes through where the upper and low teeth meet, through the mandible backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the auricle of the ear

A

outer ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the supraorbital groove

A

a small groove at superior and medial margin of the orbit in the frontal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the superciliary ridge

A

a ridge on the frontal bone above the eye socket.

(eyebrow bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what 2 ways can the intra-oral dental xray be mounted on

A
  • the ceiling
  • the wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the 3 EXTRA-oral dental xray machines

A
  • OPG (orthopantomagram)
  • OPG + lateral cephalogram
  • cone beam CT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why should the xray tube be parallel to the metal arm and locator ring of a dental imaging machine

A

to ensure that the dental receptor is in the middle of the image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

digital dental receptor plates are reusable following aseptic technique

A
24
Q

state the 6 layers of the digital dental receptor places (back to front)

A
  • back housing + cable
  • electronic substrate
  • CMOS imaging chip
  • fibre-optic face plate
  • scintillator screen
  • front housing
25
Q

what are the 3 intra oral dental projections

A
  • peri-apical
  • bite wing
  • occlusal
26
Q

what are the 4 main reasons why dental radiographs are taken

A
  • visualisation of hidden caries (dental decay)
  • check unerupted teeth + position of emerging wisdom teeth
  • bony changes that cant be seen on visual examination
  • plan orthodontic treatment
27
Q

what is a peri-apical xray

A

shows your entire tooth, from the crown to the root tip

  • 1 or 2 teeth screened at a time
28
Q

why might you take a periodical xray

A
  • detect apical inflammation/ infection
  • periodontal problems
  • trauma fractures
  • post or pre apical surgery
  • evaluation of implants
29
Q

why is the intra-oral parallel technique best to sue

A
  • increased accuracy due to minimal dimensional/geometric distortion (as the beam is parallel to the locator ring, and the film is parallel to the teeth)
  • simple to use
  • easy to duplicate
30
Q

the paralleling technique when performed correctly is superior to the bisecting angle technique by producing an image with both linear and dimensional accuracy

A
31
Q

when would an intra-oral bisecting angle technique be used

A
  • if the patient has a shallow palette and the xray film cannot get behind the tooth parallel
  • when parallel technique is impossible
32
Q

how do u position a intra-oral bisecting angle technique

A
  • flim is placed as close to the teeth as possible (usually is at an angle)
  • imaginary angle formed from the angulation of the back of the tooth and the long axis of the tooth
  • the xray tube is angled so it is perpendicular between the imaginary angle formed
33
Q

what is the difference between the holding of the film for the bisecting and parallel technique

A
  • bisecting technique, patient holds the film behind tooth
  • parallel technique, film holder mandatory holds behind tooth
34
Q

what is the bite wing xray

A

small tabs upon which a patient bites to hold the x-ray film or sensor in place

35
Q

why would you take a bitewing xray

A
  • show dental caries between teeth not visible during oral examination
  • show recurrent caries under existing restorations
  • detect changes to jawbone caused by gum disease
36
Q

what does the bitewing xray allow a clear projection of

A
  • depicts maxillary and mandibular crowns of teeth
  • providing clear image on inter proximal surfaces of teeth and detection of inter proximal caries
37
Q

what is an occlusal xray

A
  • not primarily taken, supplement for unsatisfactory panoramic radiograph
  • occlusal plane parallel to floor
  • tube above patient angled 65-70 degree down through nose into mouth
  • IR placed flat in mouth (barrier wrapped) and bitten gently (horizontally in adults, vertically in kids)
  • thyroid Shield supported below face by patient
38
Q

why would you take an occlusal xray

A
  • show roof or floor of mouth
  • find extra teeth
  • show unerupted teeth
  • demonstrate jaw fractures
  • identify cleft palate, system, accesses or growths
39
Q

what is a cleft palate

A

a congenital split in the roof of the mouth.

40
Q

how is a standard lower occlusal projection taken

A
  • receptor placed in mouth flat, in the occlusal plane
  • patient seated with head tilted back in head rest
  • central ray directed perpendicular to the receptor in the midline, 3cm below chin
41
Q

what is an orthopantomogram / OPG

A
  • most common extra oral scan
  • panoramic single image radiograph of the mandible, maxilla and teeth
42
Q

reasons for taking an orthopantomogram?

A
  • general dental evaluation
  • trauma assessment for fractures
  • infection evaluation
  • assessment of wisdom teeth
43
Q

how do you position a patient for an orthopantomogram

A
  • patient sits or stands with the Frankfort plane horizontal
  • patient bites block so incisors are in correct position
  • tongue pressed to roof of mouth
  • lips closed
  • machine rotates around head for 10-15 seconds
44
Q

reasons for taking a lateral cephalogram?

A
  • orthodontic diagnosis of malocclusion (teeth not aligned properly)
  • treatment planning and progression
45
Q

why is cephalometric radiography a standardised and reproducible form of skull radiography

A
  • it is used to assess relationship of teeth to jaw and jaws to rest of facial skeleton
46
Q

how do you position a patient for a lateral cephalogram

A
  • patient sits or stands
  • Frankfort plane is horizontal
  • inter pupillary line parallel to floor
  • midsagittal line is perpendicular to IR
  • head positions placed in EAM
  • measurement ruler placed over naison/nasal bone
  • aluminium filter placed over soft tissue of face
47
Q

lateral cephlametry can show maxillary or mandibular recursion (under and over bite)

A
48
Q

what is the cone beam CT

A
  • uses xray and computer processed xray info to make 3D cross-sectional images of jaws and teeth
  • moves around head in circular motion
49
Q

reasons for performing cone beam CT

A
  • visualisation of bone structure
  • tooth structure and orientation
  • localising pathology
  • assessment of nerve canals
  • assessment and treatment of dental trauma
  • planning for dental implants
  • TMJ diagnosis
  • locate pain source not detected on 2D scans
50
Q

how is the cone beam CT adapted to have lower radiation dosage

A
  • using cone shaped beam, the radiation dose is lower and the time needed for scanner is reduced
51
Q

why is cone beam CT scans superior to other extra-oral scans

A
  • provides anatomical accuracy fo diagnosis, treatment planning, surgical execution and followup for implant procedures
  • high resolution
52
Q

which 3 equipment rotates around the patients head during xray

A

OPG
CBCT
occlusal

53
Q

During an OPG, why is it important for the patients to close their lips and press their tongue against the roof of their mouth

A
  • reduced air shadow that can be mistaken for caries where it overlies the dentition in the premolar region
54
Q

which plane/line during an OPG should be parallel to the floor?

as a result of that, which plane is now 5 degrees caudally angled

A
  • Frankfort line

if the Frankfort line is parallel to the floor, the ala-tragus line would now be 5 degrees caudal

55
Q

where should the anterior-posterior light be entered on an orthopantomogram

A

distal to the upper lateral incisor (canine inter proximal space)

RAD 411 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions