consent and clinical reasoning

Question 1

what are the 3 components of consent

Answer 1

• voluntarily given
• appropriately informed
• capacity to consent

Question 2

what is the principle/idea behind clinical reasoning and consent

Answer 2

• valid consent should be obtained before carrying out any treatment, physical examination etc
• reflects right of patients to determine what happens to their own body

Question 3

what does voluntarily given mean

Answer 3

• consent given voluntary
• not under any form of duress 0r influence from professional, family or firend

Question 4

what does appropriately informed mean

Answer 4

• aware of info about test
• purpose and prep process
• side effects
• risks
• lifestyle changed etc

Question 5

what does capacity to consent mean

Answer 5

• can comprehend and retain
• 16/7 entitled to consent
• best intrest of patient
• proxy form for patients detained under mental health act 1983

Question 6

when might written consent be needed

Answer 6

• injection of contrast
• pregnancy
• intimate exam/procedures
• data sharing
• proxy for lack of capacity

Question 7

what happens if consent is refused

Answer 7

• documented in CRIS ( Clinical Record Interactive Search)
• data sharing is needed for reporting, audit and providing a report to consultant or GP

Question 8

Ask for verbal consent in xray or non contrast CT/MRI

• ask permission for outsider to observe
• confirm clinical info by signing

Question 9

what 3 things are required to have valid consent

Answer 9

• be informed
• be competent
• not be coerced

Question 10

what is battery

Answer 10

one person touches another without consent

Question 11

what is negligence

Answer 11

• not giving patient certain relevant info before patient gives consent

Question 12

what does prudent doctor mean

Answer 12

weighs risk of complication against risk of putting off treatment

Question 13

what extent of information should be told to patients

Answer 13

• GMC states that patients should be told about rare serious side effects

Question 14

in what cases is consent not needed

Answer 14

• emergency
• mental illness
• children and minor
• doctrine of necessity e.g unreasonable to postpone treatment

Question 15

what is the mental capacity act 2005

Answer 15

• empower and protect vulnerable people who cant make their own decisions
• enables ppl to plan ahead for time when they may lose their capacity

Question 16

what principles are upheld by the mental capacity act 2005

Answer 16

• presumption of capacity
• right to be supported to make their own decision
• best interests
• least restrictive intervention
• lasting power of attorney

Question 17

is someone is about to lose capacity, what are the 3 ways they can preserve their wishes

Answer 17

• advanced decisions
• lasting power of attorney (property and affair)
• lasting power of attorney (personal welfare)

Question 18

what must a person granted with an LPA be registered with

Answer 18

office of the public guardian

Question 19

what law presumes that 16/7 year olds have capacity to give consent

Answer 19

family law reform act 1969

Question 20

what does gillick competent mean

Answer 20

child less than 16 has capacity to give consent for medical treatment

Question 21

what are the 3 core elects of clinical reasoning

Answer 21

• use of knowledge
• act of cognition/thinking
• process of metacognition

Question 22

what is clinical reasoning

Answer 22

• cognitive process by which info contained in a clinical situation is synthesised and integrated with professionals knowledge and experience and used to manage situation