consent and clinical reasoning Flashcards
what are the 3 components of consent
- voluntarily given
- appropriately informed
- capacity to consent
what is the principle/idea behind clinical reasoning and consent
- valid consent should be obtained before carrying out any treatment, physical examination etc
- reflects right of patients to determine what happens to their own body
what does voluntarily given mean
- consent given voluntary
- not under any form of duress 0r influence from professional, family or firend
what does appropriately informed mean
- aware of info about test
- purpose and prep process
- side effects
- risks
- lifestyle changed etc
what does capacity to consent mean
- can comprehend and retain
- 16/7 entitled to consent
- best intrest of patient
- proxy form for patients detained under mental health act 1983
when might written consent be needed
- injection of contrast
- pregnancy
- intimate exam/procedures
- data sharing
- proxy for lack of capacity
what happens if consent is refused
- documented in CRIS ( Clinical Record Interactive Search)
- data sharing is needed for reporting, audit and providing a report to consultant or GP
Ask for verbal consent in xray or non contrast CT/MRI
- ask permission for outsider to observe
- confirm clinical info by signing
what 3 things are required to have valid consent
- be informed
- be competent
- not be coerced
what is battery
one person touches another without consent
what is negligence
- not giving patient certain relevant info before patient gives consent
what does prudent doctor mean
weighs risk of complication against risk of putting off treatment
what extent of information should be told to patients
- GMC states that patients should be told about rare serious side effects
in what cases is consent not needed
- emergency
- mental illness
- children and minor
- doctrine of necessity e.g unreasonable to postpone treatment
what is the mental capacity act 2005
- empower and protect vulnerable people who cant make their own decisions
- enables ppl to plan ahead for time when they may lose their capacity
what principles are upheld by the mental capacity act 2005
- presumption of capacity
- right to be supported to make their own decision
- best interests
- least restrictive intervention
- lasting power of attorney
is someone is about to lose capacity, what are the 3 ways they can preserve their wishes
- advanced decisions
- lasting power of attorney (property and affair)
- lasting power of attorney (personal welfare)
what must a person granted with an LPA be registered with
office of the public guardian
what law presumes that 16/7 year olds have capacity to give consent
family law reform act 1969
what does gillick competent mean
child less than 16 has capacity to give consent for medical treatment
what are the 3 core elects of clinical reasoning
- use of knowledge
- act of cognition/thinking
- process of metacognition
what is clinical reasoning
- cognitive process by which info contained in a clinical situation is synthesised and integrated with professionals knowledge and experience and used to manage situation
