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RAD 411 > pelvis and femur > Flashcards

pelvis and femur Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 bones of the pelvis

A
  • sacrum
  • illium
  • ischium
  • pubis
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2
Q

what are the 4 joints of the pelivs

A
  • sacroilliac joint
  • pubic symphysis
  • sacrococcygeal joint
  • hip joint
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3
Q

what type of joint is the sacroiliac, pubic symphysis, sacrococcygeal and hip joint

A
  • sacroiliac = syndical plane
  • pubic = fibrocartilaginous
  • sacrococcygeal = fibrocartilaginous
  • hip = ball and socket
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4
Q

what do you can the bones of the pelvis before and after fusion?

A
  • hemi-pelvis (pre) (left and right pelvis)
  • innominate bones (after joining of illium, ischium and pubis)
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5
Q

what are the 4 prominent bony landmarks of the illium bone

A
  • anterior superior/inferior iliac spine
  • posterior superior/inferor illac spine
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6
Q

what 2 parts does the ischium consist of

A
  • body
  • ischial ramus
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7
Q

how does the ischium join to the pubis

A

ischial ramus joins with inferior ramus of pubis

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8
Q

what 3 parts make up the pubis

A
  • body
  • inferior/superior ramus
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9
Q

what is formed due to the joining of the ischial ramus and pubis inferior ramus

A

obturator foramen

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10
Q

what do you call the cartilage that joins the pubis, ischium and illium

A

triradiate cartilage

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11
Q

what is the usual width of the pubic symphysis cartilaginous joint?

A

3-5mm

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12
Q

what forms the pelvic ring

A
  • the 2 innominate bones (left and right hemi-pelvis) and pelvis spine (sacrum and coccyx)
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13
Q

what are the 5 bony landmarks of the pelvis

A
  • iliac crest
  • ASIS
  • PSIS
  • pubic symphysis
  • ischial tuberosity
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14
Q

what 5 areas of the pelvis can you get an avulsion fracture

A
  • iliac crest
  • ASIS
  • AIIS
  • ischial tuberosity
  • body of pubis/inferior pubi ramus
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15
Q

what 2 parts of the femur can you get an avulsion fracture

A

greater and lesser trochanter

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16
Q

what is the longest, strongest and heaviest bone in the body

A

femur

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17
Q

when doing a pelvic xray, when would it not be suitable to rotate the feet medially for better view of the femoral neck?

A

if there is trauma or other pathology suspected

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18
Q

what should be seen on a gold standard AP pelvis xray

A
  • coccyx and symohysis are in straight line and positioned in the middle line of image
  • both sides of iliac wings and obturator foramen are symmetrical
  • distance between the superior border of pubic symphysis and tip of coccyx is between 1 and 3 cm
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19
Q

how can you tell if someones feet is over rotated, adequately rotated or under rotated from a pelvic xray

A
  • no rotation/ external rotation = shortening of femoral neck
  • adequate internal rotation = lesser and greater trochanter seen, femoral neck is also visble
  • over internal rotation = cannot see lesser trochanter
20
Q

during HBL pelvis, how must you place the IR to get a good image of the femoral neck

A

you must angle the lower border of the detector away from the body until it is parallel with the femoral neck

21
Q

what is a grid used for

A
  • placed between patient and xray film to reduce scattered radiation reaching the detector and thus improve image contrast
22
Q

when/why would grids be useful

A
  • as scattered radiation is increased in thicker patients and at larger field sizes, grids are useful in such scenarios to improve image contrast
23
Q

find a diagram and label all the parts of the pelvis and femur

A
24
Q

the angle formed at the convergence of the inferior pubic rami has what anatomical name

A

pubic arch

25
Q

what ligament connects the sacrum to the ischial spine

A

sacrospinous

26
Q

which muscle attaches to the AIIS

A

RECTUS FEMORIS

27
Q

which muscle attaches to the ASIS

A

sartorius

28
Q

which ligament connects the ilium to the 5th lumbar vertebrae

A

illiolumbar

29
Q

the gluteal muscles attach at which bony landmark of the femur

A

greater trochanter

30
Q

the psoas muscles attaches at what bony landmark of the femur

A

lesser trochanter

31
Q

what is the anatomical name of the longitudinal crest that can be found on the posterior aspect of the femur

A

linea aspera

32
Q

the femur is stronger than concrete

A
33
Q

what method can be used to locate the hip joint

A
  • find the midpoint of the imaginary diagonal line connecting the ASIS and pubis symphysis
  • 2.5cm below that midpoint is the hip joint
34
Q

what AEC chamber should be selected for a single hip projection

A

central chamber

35
Q

what is judets view

A
  • two-part view of the acetabulum
  • internal or external oblique used to demonstrate the posterior (internal) or anterior (external) rim of acetabulum and ilio-pubic column
36
Q

where do you centre for judets view

A

5cm distal and 5cm medial of ASIS

37
Q

know what the inlet and outlet of the pelvis looks like

A
38
Q

how do you position for an inlet view of pelvis, where do u center

A

center = midline at level of ASIS

  • central ray is angled 25-45 degrees caudal to be perpendicular to plane of pelvic inlet
39
Q

how do you position for an outlet view of pelvis, where do u center

A

center = 5cm distal to superior pubic symphysis border

  • central ray is angled 25-45 degrees cranially perpendicular to plane of pelvic outlet
40
Q

what chambers are used for inlet and outlet pelvic views

A

left and right

41
Q

what should you see on inlet pelvic scan

A
  • whole pelvic rim central to image with no superimposition
  • iliac wings on superior portion of image
  • inferior and superior pubic rami are superimposed on inferior part of image
42
Q

what should you see on outlet pelvic scan

A
  • entirety of bony pelvis imaged from superior of iliac crest to proximal shaft of femur
  • pubic symphysis central of image with little to no rotation
  • clear demonstration of both anterior and inferior pubic ramps with little to no foreshortening
43
Q

what specific group of people do frog lateral hip views

A

paediatric hips

44
Q

what does SUFE stand for

A

slipped upper femoral epihysis

45
Q

what is perthes disease

A

Blood supply to the head of the femur is disrupted which causes the bone to deteriorate. This can cause pain, limping and limited movement of the hip joint.

  • affects 3-11 yr olds

RAD 411 (28 decks)

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