infection prevention

Question 1

define microorganism/microbe

Answer 1

organism of microscopic size which may exist in its single celled form or as a colony of cells

Question 2

what are the 6 classification of microorganisms

Answer 2

• bacteria
• fungi
• virus
• protozoa
• algae
• helminths

Question 3

give examples of how microorganisms can be spread

Answer 3

• direct contact
• indirect contact
• airborne
• insects
• blood
• faecal-oral route

Question 4

what are the 6 categories of the chain of infection

Answer 4

• infectious agent
• reservoir
• portal of exit
• mode of transmission
• portal of entry
• susceptible host

Question 5

define HCAI

Answer 5

• healthcare-associated infection
• developed as a direct result of healthcare interventions e.g surgery or from being in contact with healthcare setting

Question 6

what are the most well known HCAI’S

Answer 6

• MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus
• MSSA (methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus)
• E.coli ( escherichia coli)
• C.diff (clostridiodes difficile)

Question 7

what is the ratio of the likeliness of a patient to get HCAI during their hospital stay

Answer 7

1 in 10 patients

Question 8

how many times more likely is a patient with HCAI likely to die in hospital than uninfected patients

Answer 8

7 times more

Question 9

what are some of the effects of HCAI of a patient

Answer 9

• existing medical condition becomes worse
• stay in hospital extended
• pain, depression, stress
• loss of earnings
• reduce chances of successful recovery

Question 10

what type of patients are at greater risk of developing HCAI

Answer 10

• elderly (slow immune system)
• young (undeveloped immune system)
• seriously injured or shocked (open wounds etc)

Question 11

what medical devices/procedures can increase risk of HCAI

Answer 11

• surgery (removing physical barrier of skin)
• urinary and intravenous catheters

-

Question 12

what are the 4 standard principles of prevention of HCAI

Answer 12

• effective hand cleaning
• correct use of PPE
• environmental cleanliness
• safe handling and disposal of waste and sharps

Question 13

what are the 5 moments of hand hygine

Answer 13

• before touching patient
• before aseptic procedure
• after body fluid exposure
• after touching patient
• after touching patient surroundings

Question 14

how should and when should PPE be sued

Answer 14

• stored correctly in suitable place close to use
• supplied by employer
• single use and disposed correctly
• changed immediatly between patients
• used when supplied and used correctly

Question 15

what is the correct order for donning and doffing PPE

Answer 15

donning = wash hand, apron, mask, goggles, gloves

doffing = gloves, apron, goggles, mask, wash hands

Question 16

what are the 3 levels of decontamination

Answer 16

• cleaning (detergent wipes, clothes, warm water)
• disinfection ( anything contaminated with blood) (anti-viral disinfectant)
• sterilisation ( for reusable items e.g surgical apparatus)