Restrictive Lung Disease/ Muthiah Flashcards
Define restrictive lung disease
Disease in which the expansion of the lungs is impeded and the lungs cannot fill. Sort of counterintuitive since it seems like obstructive lung disease would prevent filling. It does not, it prevents emptying.
Restrictive disease that is parenchymal involves
functional lung tiissue injury. Parenchyma is just the bulk of an organ. The functional part.
Two types of parenchymal disease
Interstitial lung disease and resection of the lung tissue
Interstitial diseases generally involve what part of the parenchyma
alVEOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Asbestos, coal, silica cause granulomatous or non-granulomatous ILD
Non
What drugs can cause Non granulomatous ILD
Amiodarone, Bleomycin
The Hypoxia of ILD is due to
V/Q mismatch
Four lab characteristic of ILD
hypoxemia, hypercapnea, widened A-a gradient, exercise induced hypoxia
Most common symptom of ILD
Dyspnea….then cough and chest pain
Clubbing is a sign of
lung and heart disease…think thorax problems
Three stades of radiography
- ) Alveolar filling
- ) Interstitial
- ) Honeycombing
Example of a pleural disease
mesothelioma…leads to compression of the lung
Non-parenchymal causes of restrictive lung disease
Neuromuscular, chest wall problem, pleural problem
Bronchial Breath sounds are a sign of
Conolidation…Remember how it works…because there is so much fluid in the lungs, regular breath sounds from the trachea are conducted through the lungs
Aspiration pneumonia is usually caused by what?
Bacteria
Inhalation pneumonia is usually caused by?
Virus
Can ARDS be a complication of pneumonia
It can be and is often a complication of pneumonia
Whats the first thing that improves during antibiotic treatment of pneumonia>
Clinical improvement is first, respiration rate will decrease. CXR will not show improvement until later.
What type of pneumonia is generally to blame for rapid deterioration of pt health
Staph…specifically MRSA
Drug of choice for MRSA
Vancomycin
Risk factors for CAP
Very young and very old.
Smoking and alcohol use predispose
Comorbidities include: COPD, CHF, Liver and kidney disease, Cancer, Diabetes
IMMUNODEFICIENT STATES, ASPLENIA
Cystic fibrosis mutation on
Chromosome 7
S1Q3T3 mutation predisposes to
Pulmonary embolism….Only seen in a minority of cases
Most common mutation predisposing to hypercoaguable state
Factor V Leiden
What is the importance of the factor V leiden mutation
It inactates Protein C which is a natural anticoagulant
Frequent causes of hypercoaguable state
Estrogen use, hormonal changes, malignancy, thrombocytosis
If scan is normal or D-dimer is less than 500, the probablility of PE
is extremely low
