Pulmonary Neoplasms Flashcards
What form of lung cancer is most prevalent in women smokers
Adenocarcinoma
Where is adenocarcinoma generally found in regards to the geography of the lung?
Periphery
What is a subtype of adenocarcinoma
Bronchioalveolar carcinoma
What represents about 20% of lung cancer in the US
Squamous cell carcinoma
Where does squamous cell carcinoma most frequently occur?
In one of the larger bronchi (more central)
WHo does squamous cell carcinoma most frequently affect
men and older folks of both genders
What lung cancer has the highest likelihood of metastasis
Small cell, then large cell
By the time small cell carcinoma is diagnosed it has virtually always metastasized already
“scar carcinoma”
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma derived from bronchioles or alveolar walls
adenocarcinoma in situ
Intrabronchial spread
adenocarcinoma in situ
How would you describe the typical spread of bronchioalveolar carcinoma
multi-focal and bilateral. INTRABRONCHIAL SPREAD. The pt coughs and coughs up tumor cells, aspirates them, and the tumor cells seed wherever they land.
Lepidic growth
adenocarcinoma in situ….classically climbs along the alveolar septa
How do people with squamous cell carcinoma often die>
Massive hemorrhage. The tumor grows right next to the primary bronchus with is close to the pulmonary artery
Keratin Pearl
Squamous cell
Which type of cancer may produce hormones
neuroendocrine (small cell) Produces ACTH which causes Cortisol to be released
Microscopic histology of small cell carcinoma
Nuclei are “molding around each other” virtually no cytoplasm in cells
Definition of a paraneoplastic syndrome
a group of signs and symptoms caused by a substance that is produced by a tumor or in reaction to a tumor.
Carcinoid tumors
represent 1-5% of all lung tumors, generally not related to smoking, generally due not secrete substances causing carcinoid syndrome, composed of nests of small round, uniform cells
What is carcinoid syndrome
a group of symptoms associated with carcinoid tumors- tumors of the small intestine, colon, appendix, and bronchial tubes in the lungs. Most Carcinoid tumors have no symptoms. THey only produce the syndrome about 10% of the time. Symptoms are produced by the vasoactive effects of substances produced in the tumor:
Abdominal pain, bright red flsuhing of the face, diarrhea, heart palpitations, hypotension…can be brought on by eating bleu cheese, chocolate, or drinking red wine.
Most common point of metastasis from the lungs to another body part
Brain
Brain metastases from lung cancer are commonly
multiple and seen at the grey white junction
Pleural mesotheliom
a malignant neoplasm of the pleura, related to asbestos exposure. 10% risk in heavily exposed individuals
90% of mesotheliomas are asbestos related
true
ship builder
asbestos exposure
Smoking perpetuates the risk of bronchogenic carcinoma in asbetsos exposed individuals
truth
Spindle like cells
mesothelioma
