Pharm Intro

Question 1

Sympathetic Baby Relax

Answer 1

Sympathetic adrenergic neurons, activate beta receptors, dilation of airways

Question 2

PARents MUSt CONstrict

Answer 2

Parasympathetic Cholinergic neurons activate Muscarinic receptors and lead to constriction of airways

Question 3

Beta agonists and anticholinergic drugs would cause dilation of airways which is helpful for treating obstructive lung disease like

Answer 3

asthma, COPD, bronchiectassis, bonchiolitis…..

This seems like an important point

Question 4

Is the lung fairly permeable to medication in comparison to other routes of delivery?

Answer 4

VERY PERMEABLE

Question 5

Sympathetic nerves do not directly innervate bronchial smooth muscle in humans.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Beta 2 adrenergic agonists cause bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and are effective against early bronchospasm but not late

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Beta 2 receptors mostly found where?

Answer 7

Lung

Question 8

Beta 1 receptors mostly found where>

Answer 8

Heart

Question 9

At high concentrations, Beta 2 agonists can produce what?

Answer 9

CV stimulation, prolonged QT interval especially under hypokalemic conditions

Question 10

Beta 2 stimulation of skeletal muscle Na/K ATPase pumps leads to

Answer 10

Rise in intracellular K and lower serum K (hypokalemia- low K in blood). THis can worsen QT elongation

Question 11

Pts with a loss of Beta 2 activity can have it restored with what?

Answer 11

corticosteroids, increase transcriptional activity in favor of new Beta 2 receptors, restore drug sensitivity.

Question 12

Other Beta 2 adrenergic effects

Answer 12

Mast cell stimulation leads to reduced histamine release
Increased beat frequency of cillia, facilitates mucocilliary clearance
Vascular endothelial permeability reduced leading to less vascular leakage and less airway obstruction.

Question 13

Why is the way the patient inhales when using an aerosolized drug so important?

Answer 13

Because the bioavailability of the drug is increased when more of it gets to the alveoli where the epithelium is thinner.

Question 14

In regards to side effects, what is significant about aerosolized drug depositing throughout the airways?

Answer 14

Adverse effects can occur, such as oral candidiasis when drugs like inhaled steroids deposit in the oropharynx

Question 15

Does the SNS or PNS dominate in regards to autonomic innervation of bronchial smooth muscle?

Answer 15

PNS. SNS nerve fibers extend to glands, vessels, and PG ganglia, but they do NOT innervate bronchial smooth muscle.