Restrictive/Inflammatory Lung Disease Flashcards
In restrictive lung diseases, the compliance is ____ and the airway resistance is ____.
compliance = decreased (more stiff) resistance = decreased
A decrease in lung compliance can occur via which 3 mechanisms?
- Increased thickness of the lung interstitium
- Increased lung water
- Increased alveolar surface tension
How does the thickness of the lung interstitium become increased?
increased deposition of elastic/connective tissue in chronic interstitial lung disease or lung injury
Increased lung water is most commonly seen with ____.
congestive heart failure
Increases in alveolar surface tension tend to cause _____ which reduces compliance.
alveolar collapse
What causes ARDS?
lung injury to the type II alveolar cells
The PV curve is _____ in restrictive lung dz.
flatter and shifted down
______ are usually the earliest manifestation of interstitial lung disease.
Symptoms with exercise
DLCO is ______ in restrictive disease.
decreased
Name 4 known causes of interstitial lung disease (ILD).
- Autoimmune disease
- Exposure to inorganic dusts (typically occupational dusts such as silica or
asbestos) - Exposure to organic molecules that result in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Drug effect
What can cause idiopathic ILD?
sarcoidosis and the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
IIPs
The presentation of most forms of ILD is the insidious onset of ______.
dyspnea on exertion
Therapy for many forms of ILD involves ______.
immunosuppression
Pulmonary fibrosis is a generic term that refers to ______.
lung scarring
_____ is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that is characterized pathologically by noncaseating granulomas.
Sarcoid
Sarcoid is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that is characterized pathologically by _______.
noncaseating granulomas
What is a granuloma?
compact collections of macrophages and epithelioid cells surrounded by lymphocytes
This is a compact collection of macrophages and epithelioid cells surrounded by lymphocytes.
a granuloma
What do granulomas often secrete? What does this cause?
calcitriol; hypercalcemia
What is Lofgren’s syndrome?
- Inflammatory arthritis
- Erythema nodosum
- Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Dx?
- Inflammatory arthritis
- Erythema nodosum
- Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Lofgren’s syndrome
What is the tx for Lofgren’s syndrome?
none, it’s self limiting
What is the tx for sarcoidosis?
usually none, but can use corticosteroids or other cytotoxic drugs (e.g. methotrexate)
