Overview of the Pulmonary System/Lung Development Flashcards
When does surfactant begin to be made in the lungs?
gestational month 6-7
Name the contributors to pulmonary work of breathing.
- increased elastic properties of the lungs
- resistance to flow in the airways
- impaired gas exchange
Obstructive disease means _____; restrictive disease means ______.
you can’t get air out; you can’t get air in
What is the substance that lowers alveolar surface tension?
surfactant
Deadspace refers to parts of the lung that ______.
do not exchange gas
The ______ develops from the surrounding mesenchyme.
pulmonary circulation
What are the key features of the canalicular phase?
- 17-26 weeks gestation
- 1a development of pulm capillary bed
- expansion of airspace into mesenchyme
- fetal breathing detected
- epi cell differentiation begins
- possible to survive but respiratory distress
The overlapping stages in embryogenesis of the lung include the initial branching, called the embryonic phase (26 days to 6 weeks gestation), the pseudoglandular phase lasting through 16 weeks where ____ more rounds of branching to the terminal bronchioles occurs, and the cannicular phase where the terminal bronchioles branch into _______ (to age 28 weeks).
14; respiratory bronchioles
The first ____ airways are conducting airways; the rest are transitional and respiratory.
16
What is a normal, healthy FEV1?
70-80%
What are the key features of the saccular phase?
- 26-36 weeks gestation
- distal growth and branching of term sacs
- thinning of interstitial space
- decrease in cell prolif
- epi cells are differentiated into Type I and II
Name the phase.
- 17-26 weeks gestation
- 1a development of pulm capillary bed
- expansion of airspace into mesenchyme
- fetal breathing detected
- epi cell differentiation begins
- possible to survive but respiratory distress
canalicular phase
Where do the pulmonary arteries originate?
the 6th aortic arch
Gas-exchange occurs at ______.
the capillary-alveolar interface
Lymphatics run near ______ to help cope with extravascular lung water.
the pulmonary arteries and veins
The overlapping stages in embryogenesis of the lung include the initial branching, called the _______ (26 days to 6 weeks gestation), the _______ lasting through 16 weeks where 14 more rounds of branching to the terminal bronchioles occurs, and the _______ where the terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles (to age 28 weeks).
embryonic phase pseudoglandular phase cannicular phase
The lung bud develops ventrally into the mesoderm at _______.
week 4
What does FEV1 stand for? What does it mean?
it’s the percentage of your vital capacity that you can exhale in 1 sec
_____ have two primary functions: 1) to repair or replace injured Type I pneumocytes, and 2) to secrete surfactant, a substance which lowers alveolar surface tension.
Type II cells
Name the phase.
- 26-36 weeks gestation
- distal growth and branching of term sacs
- thinning of interstitial space
- decrease in cell prolif
- epi cells are differentiated into Type I and II
saccular phase
Since the conducting airways by definition do not exchange gas, they are known as “______.”
anatomic deadspace
What is ventilation?
movement of air into/out of the lungs
Movement of the lungs within the thoracic cavity during inspiration and expiration is facilitated by a space between the two structures called _______.
the pleural space
_____ represents the transition from bronchi to bronchioles.
Loss of cartilage in the outer tissue layer
